Upper respiratory Tract infections and Acute Bronchitis Flashcards
Acute infections in which areas constitutes as an upper respiratory infection
Ear, nose, Sinuses, pharynx, larynx
What is sinusitis
Inflammatory disorder of paranasal sinuses
How does sinusitis usually start, what is the main overall cause of the two
Virus or allergic inflammation, virus
T/F: The paranasal sinsues and nasal passages are usually colonized
False: Paranasal sinuses are usually sterile and nasal passages are colonized
T/F: Obtaining cultures for sinusitis is not practical so the best way to treat is using historical data and knowing what bacteria usually reside there
True
What bacteria cause acute sinusitis, what other respiratory infection are these bacteria known for causing
Steptococcus pneumonia, Haemphelus influenza, moraxella cattarhalis/ Community-acquired pneumonia
T/F: Nosocomial sinusistis is caused in the hospital and caused by staphlococcus aureus, pseudomonas and enterobacteriaceae
True
How long must a patient have sinusitis to be considered chronic, what most likely caused this
12 weeks, fungi
What is the typical duration of symptoms, peak of symptoms for viral sinusitis
5-10 days, 3-6 days
What is the most important clinical manifestation about sinusitis that must be present in order for antibiotics to be considered
Persistent symptoms lasting greater than 10 days
What are the two other important clinical manifestations about sinusitis that must be present in order for antibiotics to be considered
Onset of severe symptoms or high fever (greater than or equal to 102) with purulent nasal discharge/ new onset of fever, headache, or increase in nasal discharge following initial typical viral upper respiratory tract infection that lasted 5 to 6 days and was initially improving
When sinusitis is being treated by antibiotics which antibiotics are given and who are they given too, how long
Augmentin for adults and Amoxicillin for kids, 5 to 7 days in adults/ 10-14 days in kids
What are the best ways to prevent sinusitis
vaccines, smoking cessation
What is pharyngitis
Triad of sore throat, fever, and pharyngeal inflammation
T/F: Most cases of pahryngitis is caused by bacteria and need antibiotcs
False: Most cases are due to common viral infections and are self-limiting
What is the most common bacteria to cause pharyngitis
Group A streptococci (GAS)
What is the reason that pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci would be treated with antibiotics
To prevent post-streptococcal syndromes (rheumatic fever etc.) NOT to treat the symptoms
What are the symptoms of pharyngitis
Redness, tonsil swelling, gray-white substance in the back of the throat
T/F: Children under 3 would never get antibiotics if they have pharyngitis because there is no risk for rheumatic fever
True
What antibiotics would given if the confiremed group A streptococci is being treated in the certain population pharyngitis is being treated
Amoxicillin or penicllin VK for 10 days, macrolide or cephalosporin
What is bronchitis
self-limited inflammatory process of large and mid-sized airways
What is the main characterization of bronchitis
Dry or productive cough of less than 3 weeks
T/F: Less than 10 percent of the time bronchitis is caused by bacteria
True
Primary goal of diagnosis in terms of bronchitis
Check to see if it is pneumonia
