Upper respiratory Tract infections and Acute Bronchitis

Question 1

Acute infections in which areas constitutes as an upper respiratory infection

Answer 1

Ear, nose, Sinuses, pharynx, larynx

Question 2

What is sinusitis

Answer 2

Inflammatory disorder of paranasal sinuses

Question 3

How does sinusitis usually start, what is the main overall cause of the two

Answer 3

Virus or allergic inflammation, virus

Question 4

T/F: The paranasal sinsues and nasal passages are usually colonized

Answer 4

False: Paranasal sinuses are usually sterile and nasal passages are colonized

Question 5

T/F: Obtaining cultures for sinusitis is not practical so the best way to treat is using historical data and knowing what bacteria usually reside there

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What bacteria cause acute sinusitis, what other respiratory infection are these bacteria known for causing

Answer 6

Steptococcus pneumonia, Haemphelus influenza, moraxella cattarhalis/ Community-acquired pneumonia

Question 7

T/F: Nosocomial sinusistis is caused in the hospital and caused by staphlococcus aureus, pseudomonas and enterobacteriaceae

Answer 7

True

Question 8

How long must a patient have sinusitis to be considered chronic, what most likely caused this

Answer 8

12 weeks, fungi

Question 9

What is the typical duration of symptoms, peak of symptoms for viral sinusitis

Answer 9

5-10 days, 3-6 days

Question 10

What is the most important clinical manifestation about sinusitis that must be present in order for antibiotics to be considered

Answer 10

Persistent symptoms lasting greater than 10 days

Question 11

What are the two other important clinical manifestations about sinusitis that must be present in order for antibiotics to be considered

Answer 11

Onset of severe symptoms or high fever (greater than or equal to 102) with purulent nasal discharge/ new onset of fever, headache, or increase in nasal discharge following initial typical viral upper respiratory tract infection that lasted 5 to 6 days and was initially improving

Question 12

When sinusitis is being treated by antibiotics which antibiotics are given and who are they given too, how long

Answer 12

Augmentin for adults and Amoxicillin for kids, 5 to 7 days in adults/ 10-14 days in kids

Question 13

What are the best ways to prevent sinusitis

Answer 13

vaccines, smoking cessation

Question 14

What is pharyngitis

Answer 14

Triad of sore throat, fever, and pharyngeal inflammation

Question 15

T/F: Most cases of pahryngitis is caused by bacteria and need antibiotcs

Answer 15

False: Most cases are due to common viral infections and are self-limiting

Question 16

What is the most common bacteria to cause pharyngitis

Answer 16

Group A streptococci (GAS)

Question 17

What is the reason that pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci would be treated with antibiotics

Answer 17

To prevent post-streptococcal syndromes (rheumatic fever etc.) NOT to treat the symptoms

Question 18

What are the symptoms of pharyngitis

Answer 18

Redness, tonsil swelling, gray-white substance in the back of the throat

Question 19

T/F: Children under 3 would never get antibiotics if they have pharyngitis because there is no risk for rheumatic fever

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What antibiotics would given if the confiremed group A streptococci is being treated in the certain population pharyngitis is being treated

Answer 20

Amoxicillin or penicllin VK for 10 days, macrolide or cephalosporin

Question 21

What is bronchitis

Answer 21

self-limited inflammatory process of large and mid-sized airways

Question 22

What is the main characterization of bronchitis

Answer 22

Dry or productive cough of less than 3 weeks

Question 23

T/F: Less than 10 percent of the time bronchitis is caused by bacteria

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Primary goal of diagnosis in terms of bronchitis

Answer 24

Check to see if it is pneumonia

Question 25

T/F: Acute bronchitis should never be given antibiotics

Answer 25

True