Intro to Microbiology

Question 1

T/F: The hospital can leave patients more susceptible to disease

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are characteristics of normal flora

Answer 2

inhabitants of surfaces, adapted to their local environment, harmless when in their usual site, potentially pathogenic when in tissue

Question 3

Where are normal flora derived from

Answer 3

maternal genital tract, skin of attendants, mouth and phrynx of close contacts, air-borne organisms, environment and food

Question 4

What is the name of the best approach to know if an organism causes disease

Answer 4

Koch’s postulates

Question 5

How does Koch’s postulates work

Answer 5

microorganisms are identified/isolated from dead animals and grown in pure culture, the microorganisms are injected into a healthy animal where the disease may be reproduced, the microorganisms are isolated/identified and grown in pure culture thus proving they cause disease

Question 6

What are the sterile sites of the body that should not have microorgansims

Answer 6

brain and spinal fluid, blood, upper respiratory tract, bone and joints, urinary tract

Question 7

T/F: When infections happen at certain parts of the body they are caused by bacteria that usually do not reside there

Answer 7

False: Bacteria that is normally found in certain areas tend to cause infection in those certain areas

Question 8

How are bacteria identified

Answer 8

gram staining, growth on media, specimen biochemical test (rapid test methods)

Question 9

After microbes are identified what is done to see which method of control is most effective

Answer 9

Susceptibility tests

Question 10

What are the shapes indicated by the bacteria species cocci, bacilli, and sprial

Answer 10

spherical, straight rod, curved rod

Question 11

What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative

Answer 11

gram positive have a thick peptidoglycan layer in the cell walls

Question 12

What are the classification for bacteria based on oxygen requirement

Answer 12

strict/obligate aerobes, anaerobes, facultative anaerobes

Question 13

T/F: Gram positives have better resistance than gram negatives

Answer 13

False: Gram negatives have better resistance than gram positives

Question 14

How long does it take traditional diagnostics to determine optimal antibiotic therapy

Answer 14

48 to 72 hours

Question 15

How long does it take rapid diagnostics to determine optimal antibiotic therapy

Answer 15

less than 24 hours

Question 16

What viruses are most known to cause the common cold, at what percentages

Answer 16

Rhinoviruses (10% to 40%), coronaviruses (20%), respiratory syncytial virus/RSV (10%)

Question 17

T/F: Fungi usually do not cause disease

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What are key differences between the flu and the cold

Answer 18

The flu usually casues fevers over 100, headaches are common with the flu, there are usually general aches and pains, coughs can be severe in patients with the flu

Question 19

What are the classification for fungi

Answer 19

Yeast (unicellular), mold (multicellular), dimorphic (capable to grow and either mold or yeast

Question 20

T/F: Ringworm are caused by worms

Answer 20

False: Ringworm are caused by fungi

Question 21

What are prions/ what what disease do they cause in animals

Answer 21

infectious disease proteins, mad cows disease