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Phar 506 > Parasitic infections > Flashcards

Parasitic infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are parasites

A

Organisms that obtain food and shelter by living on or within another orgnaism

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2
Q

What are examples of internal parasites

A

Protozoa, Helminths

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3
Q

What is a host

A

Organism that carries the parasite

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4
Q

Vector

A

organism that is responsible for transmitting the parasitic infection

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5
Q

T/F: There are no vaccines for any parasitic infections

A

True

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6
Q

What are protozoa

A

Single-celled eukaryotes

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7
Q

What are the three type of protozoa that can be involved in infectious disease

A

intestional, luminal, and blood

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8
Q

How are intestinal protozoa transmitted

A

Oral/Fecal route

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9
Q

What is the life cycle of intestinal protozoa

A

Cyst (spore) is dormant when swallowed, it goes through excystation to become a trophozoite, once it is a trophozoite the organism with move to the intestines and grow to cause symptoms while also going through enzycystation to become a cyst for survival

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10
Q

What is the etiologic agent for amebiasis

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q

What is the life cycle for entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)

A

Ingestion of mature cysts of E. histolytica, excystation in the small intestine to release trophozoites, trophozoites migrate to the large intestine

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12
Q

What are symptoms of acute amebiasis, what organs are involved

A

abdominal pain, frequent bloody dystentery with necrotic mucosa, low fever/ small and large intestine

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13
Q

What are symptoms of chronic amebiasis, what organs are involved

A

Recurrent bloody and mucoid dysentery with intervening constipation/ small and large intestine, liver, lungs, brain

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14
Q

T/F: Acute and chronic amebiasis can be associated with abscesses, hepatitis, pneumonia, encephalitis

A

False: Only chronic amebiasis is associated with abscesses, hepatitis, pneumonia, and encephalitis

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15
Q

What are the drugs that will treat amebiasis

A

Iodoquinol, metronidazol

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16
Q

T/F: Better hygiene and efficient sewage treatment and disposal can prevent amebiasis

A

True

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17
Q

What is the etiologic agent for Giardiasis, how is usually distributed

A

Giardia lambia (a flagellate), drinking from contaminated streams (waterborne)

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18
Q

What is the life cycle of Giardia lambliasis (girdiasis)

A

Cysts excystation in the small intestine, the trophozoites multiply by longitudinal binary fission, encystation occurs during transit to the colon

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19
Q

What is the resirvoir host of giardiasis, vector

A

Beavers, water

20
Q

What are the symptoms of acute giardiasis, organs involved

A

abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea

21
Q

What are symptoms of chronic giardiasis, organs involved

A

abdominal paint, frequent diarrhea, malabsorption, lactose intolerance/ small and large intestine

22
Q

What is the key difference between giardiasis and amebiasis

A

Giardiasis does not have mucus or blood in stool, no fever, and it doesn’t have symptoms that involve other organs

23
Q

What is the treatment for giardiasis

A

Iodoquinol and Metronidazol

24
Q

What is the most common luminal protozoa, what is the etiologic agent

A

Trichomoniasis, Trichomonas vaginallis

25
Q

Why can trichomoniasis survive with becoming a cyst

A

It will not enter the GI tract

26
Q

Where does the trophozoit of trichomoniasis reside

A

Vagina or prostatic secretions and urine

27
Q

What are symptoms of trichomoniasis in women, men

A

mild to severe vaginitis in heavy infections, fowl smelling discharge/ occasionally mild urethritis and/or prostatitis

28
Q

What are key complications associated with trichomoniasis

A

Increase a women’s succeptibility to HIV, increased chance HIV is passed, preganant women at risk of premature or low-birth weight babies

29
Q

How can trichomoniasis be prevented, what are the treatment options

A

Condoms/ Vinegar douche (reduce pH) and Metronidazol

30
Q

T/F: Trichomoniasis does not have cysts or vectors

A

True

31
Q

What types of hosts are beavers of giardiasis

A

Reservoir hosts

32
Q

What is a blood protoza that has a life cycle that occurs in cats and small rodents, what is the etiologic agent

A

Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii

33
Q

What is the way that humans can become infected and cats become infected as well

A

Eat raw meat

34
Q

What is the life cycle of toxoplasmosis in cats

A

Decystation in the small intesting, development of micro (male) and macro (female) gametocytes, fertilized macro gametocytes become oocyts that are dischagred into the gut lumen and excreted

35
Q

What is the life cycle of toxoplasmosis in humans

A

Sporozoites relased from the ococyst in the small intestine penetrate the intestnal mucosa into macrophages where they divide very rapidly and form a cyst, infected cells bust and release tachyzoites enter other cells where they are protected from the immune system

36
Q

T/F: Toxoplasmosis is rarely symptomatic but does have serious consequencs for pregantnt women and immunodeficient hosts

A

True

37
Q

What can happen toxoplasmosis patients who are immucompromised, pregnant

A

generealized parasitemia involving vital organs/ miscarrige, mental retardation, active retino-chorditis

38
Q

What are the drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimtehamine, sulphadiazine, spiramycin

39
Q

T/F: Pregnant women infected with toxoplasmosis can be given spiramycin, while unborn children with toxoplasmosis can recieve pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine under severe circumstances

A

True

40
Q

What is the role of farm animals, cats, and mice in toxoplasmosis transmission

A

vectors and reservoir hosts, vectors, reservoir hosts

41
Q

What are helminths, what is the most common helminth, what is the most common etilogic agent

A

Parasitic worms, elephantisiasis, wuchereria bancroft

42
Q

T/F: The vector for Helminths are mosquitos and there is no reservoir host

A

True

43
Q

Where does the elephntisiasis grow

A

Lymphatics

44
Q

How long can the asymptomatic phase last

A

10 years

45
Q

What symptoms are seen in the obstructive (chronic phase)

A

Thickening of the skin and gradually developing elephantiasis

46
Q

What is used to treat elephantisiasis

A

Ivermectin, An actinomycete derived 16-membered macrocyclic lactone

47
Q

T/F: The adult form of Wuchereria bancrofti is microscopic

A

False: up to 10 cm in length

Phar 506 (37 decks)

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