Parasitic infections

Question 1

What are parasites

Answer 1

Organisms that obtain food and shelter by living on or within another orgnaism

Question 2

What are examples of internal parasites

Answer 2

Protozoa, Helminths

Question 3

What is a host

Answer 3

Organism that carries the parasite

Question 4

Vector

Answer 4

organism that is responsible for transmitting the parasitic infection

Question 5

T/F: There are no vaccines for any parasitic infections

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What are protozoa

Answer 6

Single-celled eukaryotes

Question 7

What are the three type of protozoa that can be involved in infectious disease

Answer 7

intestional, luminal, and blood

Question 8

How are intestinal protozoa transmitted

Answer 8

Oral/Fecal route

Question 9

What is the life cycle of intestinal protozoa

Answer 9

Cyst (spore) is dormant when swallowed, it goes through excystation to become a trophozoite, once it is a trophozoite the organism with move to the intestines and grow to cause symptoms while also going through enzycystation to become a cyst for survival

Question 10

What is the etiologic agent for amebiasis

Answer 10

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 11

What is the life cycle for entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)

Answer 11

Ingestion of mature cysts of E. histolytica, excystation in the small intestine to release trophozoites, trophozoites migrate to the large intestine

Question 12

What are symptoms of acute amebiasis, what organs are involved

Answer 12

abdominal pain, frequent bloody dystentery with necrotic mucosa, low fever/ small and large intestine

Question 13

What are symptoms of chronic amebiasis, what organs are involved

Answer 13

Recurrent bloody and mucoid dysentery with intervening constipation/ small and large intestine, liver, lungs, brain

Question 14

T/F: Acute and chronic amebiasis can be associated with abscesses, hepatitis, pneumonia, encephalitis

Answer 14

False: Only chronic amebiasis is associated with abscesses, hepatitis, pneumonia, and encephalitis

Question 15

What are the drugs that will treat amebiasis

Answer 15

Iodoquinol, metronidazol

Question 16

T/F: Better hygiene and efficient sewage treatment and disposal can prevent amebiasis

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the etiologic agent for Giardiasis, how is usually distributed

Answer 17

Giardia lambia (a flagellate), drinking from contaminated streams (waterborne)

Question 18

What is the life cycle of Giardia lambliasis (girdiasis)

Answer 18

Cysts excystation in the small intestine, the trophozoites multiply by longitudinal binary fission, encystation occurs during transit to the colon

Question 19

What is the resirvoir host of giardiasis, vector

Answer 19

Beavers, water

Question 20

What are the symptoms of acute giardiasis, organs involved

Answer 20

abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea

Question 21

What are symptoms of chronic giardiasis, organs involved

Answer 21

abdominal paint, frequent diarrhea, malabsorption, lactose intolerance/ small and large intestine

Question 22

What is the key difference between giardiasis and amebiasis

Answer 22

Giardiasis does not have mucus or blood in stool, no fever, and it doesn’t have symptoms that involve other organs

Question 23

What is the treatment for giardiasis

Answer 23

Iodoquinol and Metronidazol

Question 24

What is the most common luminal protozoa, what is the etiologic agent

Answer 24

Trichomoniasis, Trichomonas vaginallis

Question 25

Why can trichomoniasis survive with becoming a cyst

Answer 25

It will not enter the GI tract

Question 26

Where does the trophozoit of trichomoniasis reside

Answer 26

Vagina or prostatic secretions and urine

Question 27

What are symptoms of trichomoniasis in women, men

Answer 27

mild to severe vaginitis in heavy infections, fowl smelling discharge/ occasionally mild urethritis and/or prostatitis

Question 28

What are key complications associated with trichomoniasis

Answer 28

Increase a women's succeptibility to HIV, increased chance HIV is passed, preganant women at risk of premature or low-birth weight babies

Question 29

How can trichomoniasis be prevented, what are the treatment options

Answer 29

Condoms/ Vinegar douche (reduce pH) and Metronidazol

Question 30

T/F: Trichomoniasis does not have cysts or vectors

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What types of hosts are beavers of giardiasis

Answer 31

Reservoir hosts

Question 32

What is a blood protoza that has a life cycle that occurs in cats and small rodents, what is the etiologic agent

Answer 32

Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii

Question 33

What is the way that humans can become infected and cats become infected as well

Answer 33

Eat raw meat

Question 34

What is the life cycle of toxoplasmosis in cats

Answer 34

Decystation in the small intesting, development of micro (male) and macro (female) gametocytes, fertilized macro gametocytes become oocyts that are dischagred into the gut lumen and excreted

Question 35

What is the life cycle of toxoplasmosis in humans

Answer 35

Sporozoites relased from the ococyst in the small intestine penetrate the intestnal mucosa into macrophages where they divide very rapidly and form a cyst, infected cells bust and release tachyzoites enter other cells where they are protected from the immune system

Question 36

T/F: Toxoplasmosis is rarely symptomatic but does have serious consequencs for pregantnt women and immunodeficient hosts

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What can happen toxoplasmosis patients who are immucompromised, pregnant

Answer 37

generealized parasitemia involving vital organs/ miscarrige, mental retardation, active retino-chorditis

Question 38

What are the drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis

Answer 38

Pyrimtehamine, sulphadiazine, spiramycin

Question 39

T/F: Pregnant women infected with toxoplasmosis can be given spiramycin, while unborn children with toxoplasmosis can recieve pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine under severe circumstances

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is the role of farm animals, cats, and mice in toxoplasmosis transmission

Answer 40

vectors and reservoir hosts, vectors, reservoir hosts

Question 41

What are helminths, what is the most common helminth, what is the most common etilogic agent

Answer 41

Parasitic worms, elephantisiasis, wuchereria bancroft

Question 42

T/F: The vector for Helminths are mosquitos and there is no reservoir host

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Where does the elephntisiasis grow

Answer 43

Lymphatics

Question 44

How long can the asymptomatic phase last

Answer 44

10 years

Question 45

What symptoms are seen in the obstructive (chronic phase)

Answer 45

Thickening of the skin and gradually developing elephantiasis

Question 46

What is used to treat elephantisiasis

Answer 46

Ivermectin, An actinomycete derived 16-membered macrocyclic lactone

Question 47

T/F: The adult form of Wuchereria bancrofti is microscopic

Answer 47

False: up to 10 cm in length