Urinary Tract Cancer Flashcards
What is the background of urinary tract cancer
90% is bladder cancer 8% renal pelvis 2% ureter/ urethral 4x higher in males than females 2x higher in whites Occurs over age 60
What r risk factors for urinary tract cancer
Cigarette smoking
Occupational exposure to chemicals and dyes
Chronic inflammation or inflammation of bladder mucousa
What is the pathophysiology of urinary tract cancer
Tumors arise from epithelial tissue which composes the lining
Tumors arise as flat or papillary lesions
Poorly differentiated flat tumor invades directly and has a poorer prognosis
Where does metastasis of urinary tract cancer commonly occur
Commonly metastasizes to pelvic lymph nodes, lungs, bones, liver
What are manifestations of urinary tract cancer
Painless hematuriabis most common
Inflammation may cause manifestations of UTI
May have few s&s until obstructed urine flow or renal failure occurs
What are diagnostic tests for urinary tract cancer
URINALYSIS: detects hematuria
URINE CYTOLOGY: microscopic exam of cells for tumor or pretumor cells in urine
ULTRASOUND: detects bladder tumor
What is a IVP
Evaluates the structure and function of kidneys, ureter, bladder
What is a cystoscopy, ureteroscopy?
Direct visualization, assessment and biopsy of lesions in urinary tract cancer
What are medications for urinary tract cancer
BCG LIVE
doxorubicin
Mitomycin C
What is fulguration
Destruction of cancerous tissue using high frequency electrical currents
What is laser photocoagulation
Light energy to destroy tumor
What is a radical cystectomy
Standard tx to treat invasive cancers
Removal of bladder and adjacent muscles and tissues
For males; what does radical cystectomy include
Prostate and seminal vessels
they won’t be able to have kids, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction
What does a radical cystectomy entail for a woman
Hysterectomy
Salpingo- oophorectomy
Will have early menopause
