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MED SURG > Colorectal Cancer > Flashcards

Colorectal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors for colorectal cancer

A

Family history
Irritable bowel disease
Diet high in fat, calories, protein

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2
Q

What is the presenting manifestation of colorectal cancer

A

Bleeding and change in bowel habits

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3
Q

What are signs of colorectal cancer

A

Bleeding, change in bowel habits, pain, anorexia, weight loss, palpable abdominal or rectal mass, unexplained anemia in older population.

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4
Q

What are complications of colorectal cancer

A

Bowel obstruction
Perforation of bowel by tumor, peritonitis
Direct extension of cancer to adjacent organs; reoccurrences within 4 yrs.

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5
Q

What are sign are symptoms of bowel obstruction

A

Abdominal distention
Pain
Absent bowel sounds

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6
Q

What is treatment for bowel obstruction

A

NPO STATUS

NG tube to relieve bowels

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7
Q

What are the most important organs affected by shock

A

Brain
Heart
Kidneys

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8
Q

What are classic manifestations of right sided lesions

A

Dull abdominal pain

Dark tarry stools ( melena)

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9
Q

What are classic manifestations of left sided lesions

A 
More associated with obstruction
Cramping
Narrowing of the stool ( ribbonlike)
Constipation
Bright red blood ( BRBPR)
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10
Q

What is screening for colorectal cancer

A

Digital exam beginning age 40 annually
FOBT at age 50 annually
Colonoscopies or sigmoidoscopy age 50 annually

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11
Q

What is dukes staging of cancer

A

ABCD

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12
Q

Describe the stages of dukes staging

A

A- no penetration thru bowel wall
B- penetration thru bowel wall, extends into mucousa
B2- tumor extends thru entire bowel wall, no lymph nodes involved
C- lymph node involvement tumor still limited to bowel wall
C2- positive lymph node involvement, extends thru entire bowel wall
D- metastasizes to liver,lungs, bone

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13
Q

What are facts about colorectal cancer

A

3rd most common cancer diagnosed
Affects sexes equally
5 yr survival rate is 90% with early diagnosis and treatment

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14
Q

What are foods to avoid in the prevention of colorectal cancer

A

Red meat

Animal fat, fried foods, processed foods, carbohydrates, horseradish, beets

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15
Q

What are foods to eat that aids in the prevention of colorectal cancer

A

Raw fruits and vegetables

Cruciferous foods such as cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, baked, poached foods

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16
Q

Tenesmus

A

Straining of rectal muscles

17
Q

Who are more prone to rectal lesions

A

Men

18
Q

What is important to know with FOBT

A

With fecal occult blood testing, avoid red meat, anti inflammatory meds, vitamin C for at least 48 hours because they can cause false positives

19
Q

What is double contrast barium enema

A

Looks for polyps ( anything less than 1cm will not pick up)

20
Q

How are tumors of the rectum treated

A

With abdominoperineal resection ( A-P resection) in which sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus are removed through abdominal and perineal incisions and a permanent colostomy created.

21
Q

What is a sigmoid colostomy

A

Used with A-P resection formed on LLQ

22
Q

Double barrel colostomy

A

2 stomas
Proximal for feces diversion
Distal is mucous fistula

23
Q

Transverse loop colostomy

A

Emergency procedure
Loop suspended over a bridge
Temporary

24
Q

What is primary treatment for colon cancer

A

Resection

25
Q

Hartman procedure

A

Distal portion is left in place and oversewn, only proximal colostomy is brought to abdomen as stoma, temporary: colon reconnected at a later time when client is ready for surgical repair.

26
Q

What are chemotherapy meds used In colorectal cancer

A 
5fu ( fluorouracil)
Folinic acid ( leucovorkin)
27
Q

With all chemotherapy drugs what should you think

A

Bone marrow suppression

Pantocytopenia

28
Q

What is the 3rd most common cancer diagnosed

A

Colorectal

29
Q

Is colorectal cancer more common in men or woman

A

Affects sexes equally

30
Q

What are risk factor of colorectal cancer

A

Family hx
Inflammatory B.D
diet high in fat, calories, protein

COLON CANCERS ARE PREVENTABLE

31
Q

What is the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer

A

Most malignancies begin as adematous polyps and arise in rectum and sigmoid colon
Spreads by direct extension to involve entire bowel and adjacent organs.

32
Q

Sigmoid colostomy

A

The feces are formed

33
Q

Descending colostomy

A

Feces are semi formed

34
Q

Transfers colostomy

A

Feces are fluid

MED SURG (15 decks)

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