Malignant Skin Disoders Flashcards

1
Q

What is actinic keratosis

A

Pre malignant. It is related to chronic sun exposure and photo damage
It may progress to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What is the appearance of actinic keratosis

A

Reddened rough Macules that are shiny or scaly; skin bleeds underneath if scales are removed

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3
Q

What is non melanoma skin cancer

A

Most common malignant malignant neoplasm in fair skin ppl
High cure rate of detected early
Increased incidence with age and males

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4
Q

What is basal cell cancer

A

A type of non melanoma skin cancer
Most common, least aggressive
Tends to recur

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5
Q

Does basal cell cancer metastasize

A

Rarely except keratotis found on outer ear

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6
Q

What is the appearance of basal cell cancer

A

Starts as papules and develops into nodules

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7
Q

What happens if basal cell cancer is left untreated

A

Nodules enlarge and may destroy body parts like eyelid or nose

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8
Q

What is squamous cell cancer

A

Occurs in areas of skin exposed to ultraviolet rays and weather
Arises on skin that was burned or chronically inflamed

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9
Q

Is squamous cell cancer aggressive

A

It is more aggressive and more apt to metastasize than basal

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10
Q

What are characteristics of squamous cell cancer

A

Begins as small firm red nodule: crusted with keratin. May ulcerate, bleed and become painful

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11
Q

What are risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma

A

Ultraviolet light, pollutants

Tx for psoriasis including UVA light, tar medications, radiation, tx for malignancies, skin that had been burned, HPV

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12
Q

A person with light skin has low levels of what?

A

Melanin

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13
Q

What is treatment for skin cancers

A

Surgical excision
Mohs micrographic surgery, current age and electrodessication
Radiation for inoperable cancers

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14
Q

What is nursing care for skin cancer

A

Teach prevention and early detection
Minimize sun exposure from 10a-3p.
Us sunscreen, avoid tanning booths
Seek medical attention for skin lesions and changes in moles

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15
Q

What is malignant melanoma

A

Serious skin cancer
Malignancies arise from melanocytes
It may arise in skin not exposed to sun

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16
Q

Malignant melanoma is more common in who

A

Fair skin ppl

Those with hx of blistering sunburns as a child, those who tan

17
Q

Malignant melanoma has a pot prognosis if found where?

A

Lesions on hands, feet, scalp

18
Q

Where do most melanoma develop

A

Initially in epidermis over a long period of time,once it advances to the dermis it is prone to metastasis

19
Q

What is the manifestations of malignant melanoma

A

Precursor lesions congenital Nevi (moles) which appear during childhood

20
Q

What is the radical growth phase of malignant melanoma

A

Spreads horizontally and highly curable by surgical excision

21
Q

What is the vertical growth phase of malignant melanoma

A

Spreads down into dermis and subcutaneous tissue leading to metastasis and fatal outcome

22
Q

What are the most common sites of malignant melanoma for men

23
Q

What is a common site of malignant melanoma for woman

A

Lower extremities

24
Q

What is the ABCD rule

A

A- asymmetrical
B- border irregularities
C- color variation or black color
D-diameter greater than 6mm (pencil eraser)

25
What immunotherapies can help with malignant melanoma
Interferons Interleukins Monoclonal antibodies BCG is still under investigation
26
What is the background of malignant skin disorders
Most common of all cancers | Arises from epithelial cells