HIV

Question 1

What is seroconversion

Answer 1

Weeks to months post initial infection, antibodies to HIV are produced and will test positive
Actual virus may remain inactive in cells for years
Antibodies are ineffective against the virus

Question 2

What cells are affected by HIV

Answer 2

Helper T ( CD4) cells
Macrophages
Cells of CNS

Question 3

What does loss of helper T cells lead to

Answer 3

Typical Immunodeficiencies that result in multiple opportunistic infections and cancers

Question 4

What are the opportunistic infections of HIV

Answer 4

Pneumonia ( pneumocystis)
Tuberculosis
Candidiasis
Mycobacterium avium complex ( MAC)
* herpes or zoster virus, CMV of retina, GI tract, lungs, toxoplasma gondii, cryptococcus neoformans, cryptosporidium

Question 5

What are secondary cancers related to HIV

Answer 5

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Lymphomas

Question 6

What is retrovirus

Answer 6

Carries genetic code in RNA
Infects cells with CD4 antigen
Takes over cells DNA and the duplicates 
May remain dormant or become active 
Active; forms virions which destroys host cell

Question 7

What should a person stay away from to avoid contracting CMV

Answer 7

Cat liter

Feces

Question 8

What is the 1st stage of HIV

Answer 8

HIV confirmation from ELISA ASSAY TEST, confirmed by the WESTERN BLOT
CD4 count will be less than 500.

Question 9

What is stage 2 of HIV

Answer 9

HIV confirmation

CD4 count is 200-499

Question 10

What is stage 3 of HIV

Answer 10

AIDS

CD4 count is less than or equal to 200 or documentation of a AIDS DEFINING CONDITION ( opportunistic infection)

Question 11

What is stage 4 of HIV/ AIDS

Answer 11

Unknown on CDC website

Question 12

HIV directly affects what

Answer 12

The brain
It starts with fluctuating memory loss, confusion to apathy, to severe dementia; tremor, spasticity, incontinence, CMV Infections, toxoplasmosis, non hodgkins lymphoma, cryptococcal meningitis

Question 13

When do opportunistic infections occur

Answer 13

When the CD4 count is less than 200

Question 14

What is the most common opportunistic infection

Answer 14

Pneumonia ( pneumonia jirovesi)

Question 15

What are the manifestations of pneumonia jirovesi

Answer 15

They are non specific; fever, cough, SOB, tachypnea, tachycardia, a lot of sputum is produced, respiratory depression

Question 16

Mycobacterium avium (MAC) is the major cause of what

Answer 16

Wasting syndrome
Profound involuntary weight loss of more than 10% of body weight, it usually includes chronic diarrhea, weakness, intermittent fever
It is caused by a hyper metabolic state.

Question 17

When does wasting syndrome typically occur in HIV patients

Answer 17

CD4 less than 50

Question 18

THE virus of HIV is more potent in what

Answer 18

Semen

Question 19

What is the asymptomatic period of HIV

Answer 19

8-10 years

Question 20

What are manifestations of the actual development of AIDS

Answer 20

General malaise, fever, fatigue, night sweats, involuntary weight loss, diarrhea, rash, oral lesions, and candidiasis
49-60% of ppl develop neurological symptoms

Question 21

What are symptoms of the contraction of the HIV virus

Answer 21

Acute mononucleosis type illness within days to weeks symptoms include; fever, sore throat, joint and muscle achiness, rash, lymphadenopathy

Question 22

What are signs and symptoms of mycobacterium avium complex MAC

Answer 22

Chills
Fever
Weakness, night sweats. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss

Question 23

What are parasitic infections that occur with AIDS

Answer 23

Toxoplasma Gondii
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidium

Question 24

What are viral infections that occur with AIDS

Answer 24

Herpes simplex or zoster virus,
CMV of retina,
GI TRACT
LUNGS

Question 25

What is kaposi’s sarcoma

Answer 25

Often the presenting symptom of AIDS, skin lesions with vascular Macules, papules, violet lesions on the skin and viscera; often on face, GI TRACT ,lungs
It indicates late stage disease

Question 26

What do HIV woman die of

Answer 26

Cervical cancer, not AIDS

Question 27

What are classes of drug that suppresses the HIV infection and prolongs life

Answer 27

1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
2. Protease inhibitors
3. Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 28

What is the pharmalogical action nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 28

Works at the level of DNA

Question 29

Name a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Answer 29

Zidovudine ( Retrovir, AZT)

Question 30

What is used to prophylactially treat post parenteral exposure to HIV

Answer 30

Zidovudine ( Retrovir, AZT)

Question 31

When a persons CD4 count is below 200, what prophylactic med will be given to prevent (PCP)

Answer 31

Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole ( bactrim)