HIV Flashcards
What is seroconversion
Weeks to months post initial infection, antibodies to HIV are produced and will test positive
Actual virus may remain inactive in cells for years
Antibodies are ineffective against the virus
What cells are affected by HIV
Helper T ( CD4) cells
Macrophages
Cells of CNS
What does loss of helper T cells lead to
Typical Immunodeficiencies that result in multiple opportunistic infections and cancers
What are the opportunistic infections of HIV
Pneumonia ( pneumocystis) Tuberculosis Candidiasis Mycobacterium avium complex ( MAC) * herpes or zoster virus, CMV of retina, GI tract, lungs, toxoplasma gondii, cryptococcus neoformans, cryptosporidium
What are secondary cancers related to HIV
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Lymphomas
What is retrovirus
Carries genetic code in RNA Infects cells with CD4 antigen Takes over cells DNA and the duplicates May remain dormant or become active Active; forms virions which destroys host cell
What should a person stay away from to avoid contracting CMV
Cat liter
Feces
What is the 1st stage of HIV
HIV confirmation from ELISA ASSAY TEST, confirmed by the WESTERN BLOT
CD4 count will be less than 500.
What is stage 2 of HIV
HIV confirmation
CD4 count is 200-499
What is stage 3 of HIV
AIDS
CD4 count is less than or equal to 200 or documentation of a AIDS DEFINING CONDITION ( opportunistic infection)
What is stage 4 of HIV/ AIDS
Unknown on CDC website
HIV directly affects what
The brain
It starts with fluctuating memory loss, confusion to apathy, to severe dementia; tremor, spasticity, incontinence, CMV Infections, toxoplasmosis, non hodgkins lymphoma, cryptococcal meningitis
When do opportunistic infections occur
When the CD4 count is less than 200
What is the most common opportunistic infection
Pneumonia ( pneumonia jirovesi)
What are the manifestations of pneumonia jirovesi
They are non specific; fever, cough, SOB, tachypnea, tachycardia, a lot of sputum is produced, respiratory depression
Mycobacterium avium (MAC) is the major cause of what
Wasting syndrome
Profound involuntary weight loss of more than 10% of body weight, it usually includes chronic diarrhea, weakness, intermittent fever
It is caused by a hyper metabolic state.
When does wasting syndrome typically occur in HIV patients
CD4 less than 50
THE virus of HIV is more potent in what
Semen
What is the asymptomatic period of HIV
8-10 years
What are manifestations of the actual development of AIDS
General malaise, fever, fatigue, night sweats, involuntary weight loss, diarrhea, rash, oral lesions, and candidiasis
49-60% of ppl develop neurological symptoms
What are symptoms of the contraction of the HIV virus
Acute mononucleosis type illness within days to weeks symptoms include; fever, sore throat, joint and muscle achiness, rash, lymphadenopathy
What are signs and symptoms of mycobacterium avium complex MAC
Chills
Fever
Weakness, night sweats. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss
What are parasitic infections that occur with AIDS
Toxoplasma Gondii
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidium
What are viral infections that occur with AIDS
Herpes simplex or zoster virus,
CMV of retina,
GI TRACT
LUNGS
What is kaposi’s sarcoma
Often the presenting symptom of AIDS, skin lesions with vascular Macules, papules, violet lesions on the skin and viscera; often on face, GI TRACT ,lungs
It indicates late stage disease
What do HIV woman die of
Cervical cancer, not AIDS
What are classes of drug that suppresses the HIV infection and prolongs life
- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
- Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
What is the pharmalogical action nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Works at the level of DNA
Name a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Zidovudine ( Retrovir, AZT)
What is used to prophylactially treat post parenteral exposure to HIV
Zidovudine ( Retrovir, AZT)
When a persons CD4 count is below 200, what prophylactic med will be given to prevent (PCP)
Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole ( bactrim)
