Urinary System- Taylor Flashcards
What does retroperitoneal mean?
Between posterior wall and peritoneum
What is the function of the urinary system?
Filter blood of impurities and remove them
What type of tissue makes up these retroperitoneal organs?
Mesothelial
Simple squamous
Right kidney
Lower than left because of right liver lobe
Close to inferior vena cava
Left kidney
Higher than right
Close to aorta
What is Diamoxx?
Carnbonic anhydrase inhibitor
A diuretic
Prescribed with high IOP, in high angle closure situations
Makes pt pee a lot
Which kidney structure collects urine and shunts it into the ureter?
Renal pelvis
What is kidney capsule made of?
Collagen
Fibroblasts
Myofibroblasts
What does the kidney capsule do?
Lines external surface of kidney
What is within the kidney cortex?
BVs
Medullary rays
Renal columns (within medulla)
What makes a lobe of the kidney?
A pyramid and the cortical material around it
How many pyramids are within a kidney?
8-18
What constitutes a lobule?
Medullary ray + cortex around it
How many nephrons in one kidney?
2 million
Where is the renal corpuscle located?
In cortex, between medullary rays
What makes up the renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus that comes off of afferent arteriole
How is glomerular ultrafiltrate produced?
Basal lamina filters blood of the capillaries
What happens to blood material that passes through glom without being filtered?
Drained via efferent arteriole
Where does the ultrafiltrate go?
Renal space between visceral and parietal layers of renal corpuscle
From the renal space, where does the ultrafiltrate go?
Proximal convoluted tubule -> proximal straight tubule (now in cortex) -> loop of Henle descending thin loop -> ascending thin limb -> thick ascending limb -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> papillary duct -> minor calyx -> major calyx of renal pelvis
Where is the macula densa?
A thickening in the portion of the tubule wall that runs close to the arteriole
What does the macula densa do?
Detects levels of sodium ions in urine
Where are juxtaglomerular cells located?
Afferent arteriole wall
What happens when low levels of sodium or low blood volume is detected?
Macula densa causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin into afferent arteriole
What does the RAAS do?
Causes the collecting ducts to reabsorb sodium and increase blood volume
How does the smooth muscle ureter move urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
Peristalsis
Why do the ureters enter the bladder at an oblique angle?
Prevent additional filling
Where is the bladder
In the pelvic cavity
Next to hip bone and pubic symphysis
What is subperitoneal?
Beneath serosa of peritoneum
What makes up the tritons of the interal bladder surface?
Two ureteric orifices
One internal urethral orifice
What type of epithelium lines the internal surface of the urinary bladder?
Transitional epi
