Urinary System- Taylor Flashcards

0
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean?

A

Between posterior wall and peritoneum

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1
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

Filter blood of impurities and remove them

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2
Q

What type of tissue makes up these retroperitoneal organs?

A

Mesothelial

Simple squamous

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3
Q

Right kidney

A

Lower than left because of right liver lobe

Close to inferior vena cava

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4
Q

Left kidney

A

Higher than right

Close to aorta

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5
Q

What is Diamoxx?

A

Carnbonic anhydrase inhibitor
A diuretic
Prescribed with high IOP, in high angle closure situations
Makes pt pee a lot

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6
Q

Which kidney structure collects urine and shunts it into the ureter?

A

Renal pelvis

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7
Q

What is kidney capsule made of?

A

Collagen
Fibroblasts
Myofibroblasts

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8
Q

What does the kidney capsule do?

A

Lines external surface of kidney

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9
Q

What is within the kidney cortex?

A

BVs
Medullary rays
Renal columns (within medulla)

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10
Q

What makes a lobe of the kidney?

A

A pyramid and the cortical material around it

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11
Q

How many pyramids are within a kidney?

A

8-18

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12
Q

What constitutes a lobule?

A

Medullary ray + cortex around it

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13
Q

How many nephrons in one kidney?

A

2 million

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14
Q

Where is the renal corpuscle located?

A

In cortex, between medullary rays

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15
Q

What makes up the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus that comes off of afferent arteriole

16
Q

How is glomerular ultrafiltrate produced?

A

Basal lamina filters blood of the capillaries

17
Q

What happens to blood material that passes through glom without being filtered?

A

Drained via efferent arteriole

18
Q

Where does the ultrafiltrate go?

A

Renal space between visceral and parietal layers of renal corpuscle

19
Q

From the renal space, where does the ultrafiltrate go?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule -> proximal straight tubule (now in cortex) -> loop of Henle descending thin loop -> ascending thin limb -> thick ascending limb -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> papillary duct -> minor calyx -> major calyx of renal pelvis

20
Q

Where is the macula densa?

A

A thickening in the portion of the tubule wall that runs close to the arteriole

21
Q

What does the macula densa do?

A

Detects levels of sodium ions in urine

22
Q

Where are juxtaglomerular cells located?

A

Afferent arteriole wall

23
Q

What happens when low levels of sodium or low blood volume is detected?

A

Macula densa causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin into afferent arteriole

24
What does the RAAS do?
Causes the collecting ducts to reabsorb sodium and increase blood volume
25
How does the smooth muscle ureter move urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
Peristalsis
26
Why do the ureters enter the bladder at an oblique angle?
Prevent additional filling
27
Where is the bladder
In the pelvic cavity | Next to hip bone and pubic symphysis
28
What is subperitoneal?
Beneath serosa of peritoneum
29
What makes up the tritons of the interal bladder surface?
Two ureteric orifices | One internal urethral orifice
30
What type of epithelium lines the internal surface of the urinary bladder?
Transitional epi