Reproductive System- Taylor Flashcards
When are we genotypically considered male or female?
Conception
Where is the Y (SRY) gene located?
The Yp11 arm of the Y chromosome
When are we phenotypically considered male or female?
7th week of development
Where are the developing genital ridges located?
Around the developing hindgut and it’s mesentery
From what are genital ridges derived?
Endodermal epithelium
Mesodermal mesenchyme
Where do epiblastic germ cells migrate, and what do they form?
From the primitive streak -> gonadal ridges -> form sex cords
In which sex do medullary cords continue to develop?
Males
What do the medullary cords develop into?
The rete testes
What is within the rete testes?
The sustentacular cells of Sertoli
What do the Sertoli cells help with?
Forming the blood-testes barrier
What lies between the rete testes tubules?
The interstitial cells of Leydig
What do the Leydig cells do?
Secrete testosterone by week 8 of development
In which sex do the cortical cords develop?
Female
What do the cortical cords do?
Replace medullary cords
From where do cortical cords arise?
Proliferating epithelium
What do the cortical cords become?
Follicular cells
In which sex does the tunica albuginea develop?
Males
What is the tunica albuginea, and what does it do?
It’s a thick surface layer of developing gonad
It separates the testes cords from the surface epithelium
Why doesn’t the tunica albuginea develop in females?
It allows for the development of the cortical cords
What does the mesonephric duct develop into in males?
Epididymis
Seminal vesicles
Ejaculatory duct
What does the mesonephric duct fuse with in females?
The paramesonephric duct
What does the fusion of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts form?
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Upper vagina
In XY, the genital tubercle develops into:
: the penis
In XY, the urethral folds come together to form:
: the shaft of the penis
In XY, the genital swellings form the:
: scrotum
In XX, the genital tubercle becomes the:
: clitoris
In XX, the urethral folds become the:
: labia minoris
In XX, the genital swellings become the:
: labia majoris
Where are the testes located?
In the scrotum
Testes contents:
: lobuli testes with seminiferous tubules -> straight tubules -> rete testes
What do the seminiferous tubules do?
Produce the spermatozoa
What types of cells are within the seminiferous tubule?
Sertoli cells
Spermatozoa is
What do Sertoli cells do?
Have tight junctions that divide the systemic blood supply from spermatogonia
What do spermatogonia do?
Produce spermatozoa
What divides the seminiferous tubules?
The septa of the testes
What are the septa of the testes?
Extensions of tunica albuginea
Drainage pathway starting with rete testes:
: rete testes -> epididymis -> muscular vas deferens -> spermatic cord -> seminal vesicles -> ejaculatory duct -> prostate gland -> urethra
What do the seminal vesicles do?
Produce alanine fluid that mixes with spermatozoa to form ejaculate
What joins together to form the ejaculatory duct?
Seminal vesicles
Ductus deferens
What surrounds the ovaries?
Tunica albuginea
The ovaries contain an obvious _____ and _____.
Cortex
Medulla
What houses the oogenia?
The ovary cortex
How are primary oocytes formed?
Cell division of the oogenia
What surrounds the primary oocytes?
Stratified layer of epithelial follicular cells -> primary follicle cell
What mediates the development of follicles?
FSH
What causes mature follicles to rupture?
LH
What’s released when mature follicles rupture?
Oocytes
Attendant follicular cells
Where are the contents of the ruptured mature follicular cell released?
Muscular oviduct, Fallopian tube
What type of epithelium lines the oviduct?
Simple ciliated columnar epithelium
Which way do the cilia of the oviduct beat?
Toward the uterus, to move the oocyte for implantation
What are peg cells?
Cells within oviduct that provide nourishment for spermatozoa and oocytes
What is the corpus hemmorhagicum?
Part of the remaining follicular material after rupture
What is corpus luteum?
Part of the remaining follicular material that a few days after rupture
What does the corpus luteum secrete?
Progesterone, then estrogen
What helps to control the sloughing of the endometrium of the uterus?
Corpus luteum secretions
The ovary medulla interstitial cells secrete:
: estrogen
The three layers of the uterus are the:
: perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
The two layers of the endometrium:
Stratum basale
Stratum functionalis
Which layer of the endometrium remains intact thru menstrual cycle?
Stratum basale
Which layer of the endometrium sloughs and rebuilds during the cycle?
Stratum functionalis
What type of epithelium makes up the cervix of the uterus?
Simple columnar epithelium
What does the cervix do?
Secrete serous secretion that lubricates the vagina
The wall of the vagina contains:
- stratified squamous epithelium mucosa
- smooth muscle muscularis
- adventitia
