urinary system pathologies Flashcards
type of nephritis (kidney infection) in which the glomeruli are the key structures affected; also called acute nephritic syndrome
acute glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection, commonly coexisting with bacterial urethritis, both of which together constitute a UTI, sometimes referred to as a bladder infection
bacterial cystitis
condition in which the glomeruli suffer gradual, progres- sive, destructive changes, with resulting loss of kidney function; also called chronic nephritis
chronic glomerulonephritis
kidney disease associated with diabetes that results in inflammation, degeneration, and sclerosis of the kidneys
diabetic nephropathy
abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine
diuresis
final phase of kidney disease
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
involuntary urination during sleep; also called bedwetting
enuresis
need to urinate more often than normal
frequency
sugar in the urine
glucosuria, glycosuria
condition in which the renal pelvis and calyces become distended and dilated and begin to atrophy due to urine outflow obstruction
hydronephrosis
chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder lining not caused by infection or other identified pathology
interstitial cystitis
pathological changes in renal tissue that destroy nephrons and impair kidney function
interstitial nephritis
uncommon disorder marked by massive proteinuria, e d e m a , h y p o a l b u m i n e m i a ( l o w b l o o d a l b u m i n ) , h y p e r l i p i - demia (high blood lipids), and hypercoagulability (high tendency to form blood clots)
nephrotic syndrome
bladder dysfunction (retention, incontinence, or altered capacity ) due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or certain peripheral nerves
neurogenic bladder
narrowing or stricture of the foreskin opening of the penis
phimosis
group of hereditary, progressive disorders in which cysts (small sacs of fluid) form in the kidneys, eventually destroying them
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the renal pelvis and kidney
pyelonephritis
small stone, composed of mineral salts, that may obstruct portions of the kidneys or a ureter; also called kidney stone
renal calculus
severe, intermittent pain caused by spasms of the ureter
renal colic
acute or chronic failure of the kidneys to effectively eliminate fluids or wastes from the body
renal failure
renal failure caused by acute injury to the renal tubules
tubular necrosis
increased level of urea or other wastes in the blood
uremia
need to urinate immediately
urgency
involuntary urine leakage upon physical stress, such as a cough or sneeze (stress incontinence), after failing to reach a toilet in time (functional incontinence), or directly following the strong urge to urinate (urge incontinence)
urinary incontinence (UI)
inability to urinate
urinary retention
inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the urinary tract, usually the bladder
urinary tract infection (UTI)
abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureter
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
rapidly growing type of kidney cancer that most com- monly affects children; also known as nephroblastoma or malignant neoplasm of kidney
Wilms’ tumor
