Musculoskeletal pathologies 1

Question 1

loss of range of motion in the shoulder; also called frozen shoulder

Answer 1

adhesive capsulitis

Question 2

injury to one of the stabilizing ligaments of the knee, which originates on the anterior portion of the femur

Answer 2

anterior cruciate ligament tear

Question 3

condition of inflammation of the tiny fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions and provide lubrication to decrease friction and irritation between structures such as bones, tendons, muscles, and skin

Answer 3

bursitis

Question 4

compression of the median nerve, causing pain or numbness in the wrist, hand, and fingers

Answer 4

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Question 5

condition in which the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint flexes dor- sally while the other joint or joints in the toe flex toward the sole

Answer 5

claw toe

Question 6

fibrosis of connective tissue which decreases the mobility of a joint

Answer 6

contracture

Question 7

grating sound from broken bones, or a clicking or crackling sound from joints

Answer 7

crepitation

Question 8

displacement or separation of a bone from its normal position where it articulates with another bone

Answer 8

dislocation

Question 9

test used to evaluate and record the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles; used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders

Answer 9

electromyography (EMG)

Question 10

chronic condition marked by pain in the muscles, tendons, liga- ments, and soft tissues of the body; also called fibromyositis, fibrositis and myofibrositis

Answer 10

fibromyalgia

Question 11

condition in which a bone is broken or cracked

Answer 11

fracture

Question 12

condition in which one or more small benign tumors filled with a thick, colorless, gelatinous substance develop over a joint or ten- don, usually on the wrist or back of the hand; sometimes called a Bible cyst

Answer 12

ganglion cyst

Question 13

hereditary form of arthritis, characterized by uric acid accumulation in the joints, especially in the great toe

Answer 13

gout

Question 14

condition in which degenerative arthritis affects the metatarsopha- langeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big toe, causing pain and stiffness

Answer 14

hallux rigidus

Question 15

condition in which the big toe is improperly aligned, pointing later- ally toward the second toe and creating a large bump on the inner edge of the foot at the base of the big toe; commonly called bunion

Answer 15

hallux valgus

Question 16

condition in which the toe is bent downward at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint

Answer 16

hammertoe

Question 17

herniation of the soft center of an intervertebral disc

Answer 17

herniated disc

Question 18

disorder similar to adult-onset RA, with earlier onset and more- severe symptoms

Answer 18

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)