Eye & ear pathologies

Question 1

disorder in which the brain disregards images from the weaker eye and relies on those from the stronger eye; sometimes called lazy eye

Answer 1

amblyopia

Question 2

abnormal curvature of the cornea that distorts the visual image

Answer 2

astigmatism

Question 3

noncontagious inflammation of the eyelash follicles and tiny oil glands along the margins of the eyelids

Answer 3

blepharitis

Question 4

cloudiness of the lens due to protein deposits as a result of aging, disease, or trauma or as a side effect of tobacco use or certain medications

Answer 4

cataract

Question 5

blind spot in the center of the visual field surrounded by an area of normal vision

Answer 5

central scotoma

Question 6

small benign cyst in the eyelid formed by the distention of a meibomian gland (sebaceous gland of the eye) with secretions

Answer 6

chalazion

Question 7

inflammation of the conjunctiva; also called pinkeye

Answer 7

conjunctivitis

Question 8

progressive damage to microscopic vessels and other structures of the retina in patients with long- standing diabetes mellitus, which may result in blindness

Answer 8

diabetic retinopathy

Question 9

condition in which the lower eyelid is turned outward and droops more with aging

Answer 9

ectropion

Question 10

condition in which the eyelid edges are turned inward and rub against the surface of the eye, usually affecting the lower eyelid

Answer 10

entropion

Question 11

type of glaucoma in which a sudden blockage of aqueous-humor out- flow causes a rapid increase in intraocular pressure; can cause vision loss; also called closed-angle glaucoma

Answer 11

glaucoma (acute)

Question 12

type of glaucoma in which the aqueous humor drains too slowly, lead- ing to increasing intraocular pressure; can cause vision loss; also called primary open-angle glaucoma

Answer 12

glaucoma (chronic)

Question 13

infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; also called a stye

Answer 13

hordeolum

Question 14

vision defect in which parallel rays focus behind the retina as a result of flattening of the globe of the eye or of an error in refraction; com- monly called farsightedness

Answer 14

hyperopia

Question 15

destructive retinal changes caused by hypertension

Answer 15

hypertensive retinopathy

Question 16

inflammation of the cornea, usually associated with decreased visual acuity, which may, if untreated, result in blindness

Answer 16

keratitis

Question 17

loss in visual acuity that prevents a person from performing work requiring eyesight; defined as corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or less or a visual field of 20 degrees or less in the better eye

Answer 17

legal blindness

Question 18

macular deterioration resulting in central vision loss, categorized as either atrophic (dry) or exudative (wet)

Answer 18

macular degeneration

Question 19

error of refraction in which light rays focus in front of the retina, enabling the person to see distinctly for only a short distance; commonly called nearsightedness

Answer 19

myopia

Question 20

involuntary back-and-forth or cyclical movements of the eyes

Answer 20

nystagmus

Question 21

study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the eye

Answer 21

ophthalmology

Question 22

permanent loss of accommodation of the lens of the eye that occurs as people enter their 40s, causing a marked inability to maintain focus on near objects

Answer 22

presbyopia

Question 23

separation of the inner sensory layer of the retina from the outer pigment layer, caused by a break in the inner layer that permits vitreous fluid to leak under the retina and lift off its innermost layer; may cause blindness

Answer 23

retinal detachment

Question 24

deviation or misalignment of eyes that may adversely affect depth perception; types include exotropia (eyes turned outward), esotropia (eyes turned inward), hypertropia (eyes turned upward), and hypotropia (eyes turned downward)

Answer 24

strabismus

Question 25

nonspecific term for any intraocular inflammatory disorder, which may affect the iris, ciliary body, choroid, or other parts of the eye

Answer 25

uveitis

Question 26

total deafness

Answer 26

anacusis

Question 27

condition in which a cyst develops in the middle ear

Answer 27

cholesteatoma

Question 28

inflammation of the labyrinth within the inner ear; also called otitis interna

Answer 28

labyrinthitis

Question 29

chronic, noncontagious disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progres- sive hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus; also called labyrinthine hydrops

Answer 29

Ménière’s disease

Question 30

acute inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal; also called swimmer’s ear

Answer 30

otitis externa

Question 31

inflammation or infection of the middle ear

Answer 31

otitis media

Question 32

chronic progressive deafness caused by spongy bone formation around the oval window with resulting ankylosis of the stapes

Answer 32

otosclerosis

Question 33

progressive loss of hearing with aging

Answer 33

presbycusis

Question 34

perception of ringing, buzzing, tinkling, or hissing sound in the ear

Answer 34

tinnitus

Question 35

feeling of spinning or moving in space

Answer 35

vertigo