Endocrine system structure & function

Question 1

the state of dynamic equilibrium in the internal environment of the body

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

chemicals secreted into the bloodstream that cause bodily reactions; work in pairs to maintain a healthy balance to keep the body’s internal environment healthy

Answer 2

Hormones

Question 3

responsible for sexual
maturation; play a role in the metabolism
of food and energy storage

Answer 3

Endocrine glands

Question 4

structure attached to the lower surface of the hypothalamus in the brain; controls all of the other glands in the body

Answer 4

pituitary gland

Question 5

the portion of the pituitary gland

that secretes the hormones GH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and ACTH

Answer 5

anterior lobe

Question 6

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes the following two hormones:

Answer 6

Oxytocin 
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

acts on the uterus to promote contractions during labor and delivery.

Answer 7

Oxytocin

Question 8

acts on the kidneys to increase the absorption of water.

Answer 8

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 9

located in the brain, above and behind the thalamus; produces the hormone melatonin

Answer 9

pineal gland

Question 10

influences the body’s natural circadian

rhythm

Answer 10

melatonin

Question 11

sleep-wake cycle

Answer 11

circadian rhythm

Question 12

produces the hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine, which are responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism

Answer 12

thyroid gland

Question 13

responsible for growth throughout childhood and regulation of body metabolism

Answer 13

triiodothyronine (T3)

thyroxine (T4)

Question 14

regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

Answer 14

calcitonin

Question 15

there are 4; they secrete the hormone PTH, which helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

Answer 15

parathyroid glands

Question 16

also called parathyroid hormone; helps to regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

Answer 16

parathormone (PTH)

Question 17

enables the body to respond to

stressful situations by converting glycogen into glucose for quick energy

Answer 17

Epinephrine

Question 18

plays a role in regulating and
maintaining the body’s water, sodium, and
electrolyte balance

Answer 18

Aldosterone

Question 19

works to decrease inflammation

Answer 19

Cortisol

Question 20

responsible for secondary sexual

characteristics in females and males

Answer 20

Androgens

Question 21

located on top of each kidney within the retroperitoneal cavity

Answer 21

adrenal glands

Question 22

secreted by the adrenal cortex

steroid hormones

Answer 22

corticosteroids

Question 23

Regulates sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) levels  
an example is aldosterone

Answer 23

mineralocorticosteroids

Question 24

Example: cortisol

Helps regulate carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 24

Glucocorticoids

Question 25

Androgens, estrogen, and progesterone

Regulate secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 25

Steroid sex hormones

Question 26

adrenal medulla secretes:

Answer 26

epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine