Endocrine system structure & function part 2

Question 1

an organ that secretes substances which neutralize stomach acids and break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon which work cooperatively to maintain healthy blood glucose levels

Answer 1

pancreas

Question 2

breaks carbohydrates down into glucose

and stimulates cells to take up glucose from the blood

Answer 2

insulin

Question 3

acts on the liver to convert glycogen into

glucose

Answer 3

glucagon

Question 4

a pathology in which blood

sugar levels may widely fluctuate

Answer 4

diabetes mellitus

Question 5

located above the heart and plays a

role in immunity and protecting our bodies from cancer; produces T lymphocytes that are necessary for the immune system

Answer 5

thymus gland

Question 6

the ovaries and testes;

sometimes called the gonads

Answer 6

reproductive glands

Question 7

the oval-shaped structures on each side of

the uterus that are the primary sex organs in females; secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone

Answer 7

ovaries

Question 8

a hormone that prepares the uterus for

a fertilized egg; plays a vital role in the menstrual cycle and is important in the prevention of osteoporosis

Answer 8

Estrogen

Question 9

a hormone that is responsible for changes in the uterine lining in preparation for implantation of a developing embryo; necessary to prepare and maintain the uterus for a fertilized ovum

Answer 9

Progesterone

Question 10

located within the scrotum and contain the

seminiferous tubules; secrete the hormone testosterone

Answer 10

testes

Question 11

produces sperm, deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair, and increased muscle development in the male

Answer 11

testosterone

Question 12

each gland produces a
hormone that serves to oppose another substance; the gland may increase or decrease production of the hormone to stimulate a corresponding decrease or increase of that substance

Answer 12

negative feedback system