Musculoskeletal pathologies part 2

Question 1

abnormal increase in the curvature of the thoracic vertebrae, causing hunchback

Answer 1

kyphosis

Question 2

abnormal increase in the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, causing swayback

Answer 2

lordosis

Question 3

condition in which the toe is bent downward at the distal inter- phalangeal (DIP) joint

Answer 3

mallet toe

Question 4

painful condition involving tiny tears in the muscles and tendons that attach to the anterior tibia (shin); commonly called shin splints

Answer 4

medial tibial syndrome

Question 5

tear of one of the two C-shaped cartilage structures that serve to cushion and stabilize the knee joint, usually caused by a twisting force

Answer 5

meniscal tear

Question 6

hereditary, progressive terminal disease that causes muscle atrophy and death, usually by age 20

Answer 6

muscular dystrophy (MD)

Question 7

autoimmune motor disorder that causes progressive muscle fatigue and weakness

Answer 7

myasthenia gravis

Question 8

chronic condition in which the process of bone destruction and regrowth occurs abnormally, causing weak, fragile, enlarged, and misshapen bones; also called Paget’s disease

Answer 8

osteitis deformans

Question 9

condition of cartilage deterioration and joint inflammation marked by pain, stiffness, and decreased ROM, most commonly affecting synovial weight-bearing joints and vertebrae; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD)

Answer 9

osteoarthritis

Question 10

condition of softening and weakening of the bones; when it occurs in children, it is called rickets

Answer 10

osteomalacia

Question 11

acute or chronic infection within the bone, most commonly affect- ing the legs, arms, pelvis, and spine

Answer 11

osteomyelitis

Question 12

condition characterized by loss of bone mass throughout the skeleton

Answer 12

osteoporosis

Question 13

breaking of diseased, weakened bone from the stress of normal everyday activities

Answer 13

pathological fracture

Question 14

painful condition of the supporting structures of the arch of the foot, primarily the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that connects the heel with the toes

Answer 14

plantar fasciitis

Question 15

autoimmune arthritis that causes progressive joint pain and deformity and may affect organ systems

Answer 15

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Question 16

traumatic rip of one or more of the muscles or tendons within the rotator cuff of the shoulder

Answer 16

rotator cuff tear

Question 17

abnormal S-shaped lateral curvature of the vertebrae

Answer 17

scoliosis

Question 18

complete or incomplete tear in the ligaments around a joint

Answer 18

sprain

Question 19

trauma to a muscle, and sometimes a tendon, due to violent con- traction or excessive forcible stretching

Answer 19

strain

Question 20

inflammation of a tendon due to overuse

Answer 20

tendinitis

Question 21

group of painful disorders involving compression of the nerves or vessels in the neck and arms

Answer 21

thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)