Digestive system pathologies

Question 1

dilation and expansion of the lower esophagus, due to pressure from food accumulation

Answer 1

achalasia

Question 2

accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity

Answer 2

ascites

Question 3

partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine; common causes include volvulus, intussus- ception, tumors, and adhesions (scar tissue)

Answer 3

bowel obstruction

Question 4

infection with Campylobacter organisms via contaminat- ed food or water, resulting in intestinal illness

Answer 4

Campylobacter infection

Question 5

disorder in which the lining of the small intestine is damaged due to dietary factors, resulting in impaired nutrient absorption

Answer 5

celiac disease

Question 6

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually secondary to the presence of gallstones

Answer 6

cholecystitis

Question 7

condition in which gallstones are present in the gall- bladder, liver, or biliary ducts

Answer 7

cholelithiasis

Question 8

disorder involving inflammation and edema deep into the layers of the lining of any part of the GI tract; also called regional enteritis

Answer 8

Crohn’s disease

Question 9

inflammation of one or more diverticula (tiny pouches in the intestinal wall)

Answer 9

diverticulitis

Question 10

condition in which diverticula form in the intestinal wall due to increased pressure

Answer 10

diverticulosis

Question 11

inflammation of the esophageal lining

Answer 11

esophagitis

Question 12

varicose veins of the distal end of the esophagus

Answer 12

Esophageal varices.

Question 13

common term for a number of illnesses caused by eat- ing food contaminated with bacterial or toxic organ- isms; sometimes called dysentery

Answer 13

food poisoning

Question 14

inflammation of the stomach’s mucosal lining

Answer 14

gastritis

Question 15

inflammation of the stomach and intestines; often referred to as the stomach flu (although influenza is not the cause)

Answer 15

gastroenteritis

Question 16

backflow of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus, causing esophagitis

Answer 16

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 17

internal or external varicose veins of the anal area

Answer 17

hemorrhoids

Question 18

chronic inflammation of the liver, caused by one of several viruses (types A, B, C, D, or E)

Answer 18

hepatitis

Question 19

protrusion of a structure through the wall that normally contains it

Answer 19

hernia

Question 20

protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the chest cavity; also called hiatus hernia

Answer 20

hiatal hernia

Question 21

slipping or telescoping of a portion of the bowel into itself

Answer 21

intussusception

Question 22

inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine

Answer 22

malabsorption syndrome

Question 23

nutritional deficiency due to inadequate intake or absorption of protein, vitamins, minerals, or other vital nutrients

Answer 23

malnutrition

Question 24

vesicular eruption in or on the mouth caused by herpesvirus; also called herpes labialis or cold sore

Answer 24

oral herpes

Question 25

infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of candida, but mainly Candida albicans; also called candidiasis

Answer 25

oral thrush

Question 26

inflamed lesion in the gastric or duodenal lining

Answer 26

peptic ulcer

Question 27

inflammation of the organs and structures within the peritoneal cavity

Answer 27

peritonitis

Question 28

inflammatory condition of both small and large bow- els that results in severe watery diarrhea; also com- monly called C. diff. colitis

Answer 28

pseudomembranous enterocolitis

Question 29

intestinal infection caused by various types of salmonella organisms

Answer 29

salmonellosis

Question 30

malabsorption and malnutrition disorder created by the loss of a significant portion of functioning bowel

Answer 30

short bowel syndrome

Question 31

blockage of normal passage of intestinal contents

Answer 31

small bowel obstruction (SBO)

Question 32

chronic inflammatory disease of the lining of the colon and rectum marked by up to 20 liquid, bloody stools per day

Answer 32

ulcerative colitis

Question 33

twisting of the bowel upon itself, causing obstruction

Answer 33

volvulus