Digestive system pathologies Flashcards
dilation and expansion of the lower esophagus, due to pressure from food accumulation
achalasia
accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity
ascites
partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine; common causes include volvulus, intussus- ception, tumors, and adhesions (scar tissue)
bowel obstruction
infection with Campylobacter organisms via contaminat- ed food or water, resulting in intestinal illness
Campylobacter infection
disorder in which the lining of the small intestine is damaged due to dietary factors, resulting in impaired nutrient absorption
celiac disease
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually secondary to the presence of gallstones
cholecystitis
condition in which gallstones are present in the gall- bladder, liver, or biliary ducts
cholelithiasis
disorder involving inflammation and edema deep into the layers of the lining of any part of the GI tract; also called regional enteritis
Crohn’s disease
inflammation of one or more diverticula (tiny pouches in the intestinal wall)
diverticulitis
condition in which diverticula form in the intestinal wall due to increased pressure
diverticulosis
inflammation of the esophageal lining
esophagitis
varicose veins of the distal end of the esophagus
Esophageal varices.
common term for a number of illnesses caused by eat- ing food contaminated with bacterial or toxic organ- isms; sometimes called dysentery
food poisoning
inflammation of the stomach’s mucosal lining
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines; often referred to as the stomach flu (although influenza is not the cause)
gastroenteritis
backflow of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus, causing esophagitis
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
internal or external varicose veins of the anal area
hemorrhoids
chronic inflammation of the liver, caused by one of several viruses (types A, B, C, D, or E)
hepatitis
protrusion of a structure through the wall that normally contains it
hernia
protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the chest cavity; also called hiatus hernia
hiatal hernia
slipping or telescoping of a portion of the bowel into itself
intussusception
inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine
malabsorption syndrome
nutritional deficiency due to inadequate intake or absorption of protein, vitamins, minerals, or other vital nutrients
malnutrition
vesicular eruption in or on the mouth caused by herpesvirus; also called herpes labialis or cold sore
oral herpes
infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of candida, but mainly Candida albicans; also called candidiasis
oral thrush
inflamed lesion in the gastric or duodenal lining
peptic ulcer
inflammation of the organs and structures within the peritoneal cavity
peritonitis
inflammatory condition of both small and large bow- els that results in severe watery diarrhea; also com- monly called C. diff. colitis
pseudomembranous enterocolitis
intestinal infection caused by various types of salmonella organisms
salmonellosis
malabsorption and malnutrition disorder created by the loss of a significant portion of functioning bowel
short bowel syndrome
blockage of normal passage of intestinal contents
small bowel obstruction (SBO)
chronic inflammatory disease of the lining of the colon and rectum marked by up to 20 liquid, bloody stools per day
ulcerative colitis
twisting of the bowel upon itself, causing obstruction
volvulus
