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Radiologic Pathology > Urinary System Pathologies > Flashcards

Urinary System Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Number and Size Anomalies of the Kidney

A

Renal Agenesis
Supernumerary Kidney
Hypoplasia

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2
Q

A relatively rare anomaly that demonstrates as the absence of the kidney on one side (unilateral) with an unusually large kidney on the other side

A

Renal Agenesis

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3
Q

The ____ kidney is more frequently missing and it is more common among males in renal agenesis

A

left

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4
Q

The absence of both kidneys is termed

A

Potter syndrome or bilateral agenesis

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5
Q

Also relatively rare and consists of the presence of third small, rudimentary kidney

A

Supernumerary Kidney

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6
Q

It has no parenchymal attachment to a kidney and it often becomes symptomatic as a result of an infection

A

Supernumerary Kidney

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7
Q

A rare anomaly of kidney size involving a kidney that is developed less than normal

A

Hypoplasia

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8
Q

It is usually associated with hyperplasia of the other kidney

A

Hypoplasia

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9
Q

Fusion anomalies of the kidney

A

Horseshoe Kidney

Crossed Ectopy

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10
Q

a condition in which the lower poles of the kidneys are joined across midline by a band of soft tissues, causing a rotation on one or both side

A

Horseshoe Kidney

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11
Q

one kidney lies across the midline and is fused with the other kidney

A

Crossed Ectopy

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12
Q

generally lies inferior to the uncrossed one, and its ureter crosses the midline to enter the bladder on the proper side

A

Crossed Ectopy

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13
Q

Position Anomalies of the Kidney

A

Malrotation

Ectopic Kidney

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14
Q

consist of incomplete or excessive rotation of the kidney as they ascend from the pelvis in utero

A

Malrotation

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15
Q

one that is out of its normal position, usually lower than normal.

A

Ectopic Kidney

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16
Q

Such kidneys are often in a pelvic or sacral location

A

Ectopic Kidney

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17
Q

Renal Pelvis and Ureter Anomalies

A

Double Renal Pelvis and Double Ureter

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18
Q

these are frequent and they can be unilateral or bilateral

A

Double Renal Pelvis and Double Ureter

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19
Q

this condition impairs renal drainage, predisposing the patient to infection and formation of calculi

A

Double Renal Pelvis and Double Ureter

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20
Q

Lower Urinary Tract Anomalies

A

Ureteroceles
Ureteral Diverticula
Bladder Diverticula
Urethral Valves

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21
Q

cyst-like dilations of a ureter near its opening into the bladder and usually result from stenosis of the urethral orifice

A

Ureteroceles

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22
Q

radiographically, presents a filling defect in the bladder with a characteristic “cobra head” appearance

A

Ureteroceles

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23
Q

This causes obstruction and kidney infection and the treatment involves surgical removal to allow for increased flow of urine into the bladder

A

Ureteroceles

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24
Q

a congenital anomaly representing a dilated, branched ureteric remnant and is best demonstrated by retrograde urography

A

Ureteral Diverticula

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25
sac or pouch that occurs in the bladder walls
Bladder Diverticula
26
may occur as a congenital anomaly or be caused by chronic bladder obstruction and resultant infection occuring in middle-age med
Bladder Diverticula
27
mucosal folds that protrude into the posterior urethra as a congenital condition
Urethral Valves
28
such valves occur in males and are usually discovered during infancy and early childhood
Urethral Valves
29
innumerable tiny cysts within the nephron unit are present at birth and may be discovered with in utero ultrasonography
Polycystic Kidney Disease
30
a rare condition causing childhood cystic disease and ultimately resulting in childhood renal failure
Polycystic Kidney Disease
31
A bacterial infection of the calyces and renal pelvis
Pyelonephritis
32
Common among women than men due to their increases incidence of reflux from the bladder
Pyelonephritis
33
Acute condition occurs to pregnant women due to increase size of the uterus that compresses the ureter and decreases urine clearance of bacteria
Pyelonephritis
34
Patients with Pyelonephritis experiences
fever flank pain general malaise
35
Urinalysis demonstrates pyuria
Pyelonephritis
36
the presence of pus created by the dumping of the pus from abscesses formed in the kidneys into the collecting tubules
pyuria
37
an antigen antibody reaction in the glomeruli causing inflammation of the renal parenchyma
Acute Glomerulonephritis
38
occurs following a streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract or middle ear
Acute Glomerulonephritis
39
Radiographically, the kidneys appear larger because of edematous accumulation
Acute Glomerulonephritis
40
Treatment for Acute Glomerulonephritis involves
diuretic therapy (to lessen edema) antibiotic therapy bed rest renal dialysis (in severe cases)
41
Inflammation of the bladder, fairly common infection caused by a bacteria
Cystitis
42
Prevalent among women because of shorter urethra that permits easier access of bacteria into the bladder
Cystitis
43
the backward flow of urine out of the bladder and into the ureters
Vesicoureteral reflux
44
may demonstrate the presence of reflux as well as roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall
Cystography
45
Treatment of cystitis includes
antibiotic therapy | abundance of fluids
46
roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall
bladder trabeculae
47
stones that develop from urine and precipitate crystalline materials, especially calcium and salts
Renal Calculi
48
Males develop calculi more than females after the age of 30 and these are made of pure uric acid
Renal Calculi
49
most stones are formed in the _______
calyces or renal pelvis
50
a large calculus that assumes the shape of the pelvicalyceal junction
Staghorn calculus
51
stones tend to be asymptomatic until they begin to descend and create obstruction
Staghorn calculus
52
movement of stones or acute obstruction result in severe, agonizing pain known as
renal colic
53
Other sites of calcification in the urinary tract include
wall of the bladder
54
bladder calculi often cause
suprapubic pain
55
Intimal thickening of predominantly the small vessels of the kidney
Nephrosclerosis
56
occur as part of the normal aging process as well as in younger patients in association with hypertension and diabetes
Nephrosclerosis
57
Treatment for nephrosclerosis consists of
managing the associated hypertension administration of diuretic agents proper dietary restrictions
58
Disturbances of calcium metabolism (hyperthyroidism) that results in such comdition characterized by tiny deposits of calcium dispersed throughout the renal parenchyma
Nephrocalcinosis
59
represents the end result of a chronic process that gradually results in lost kidney function
Renal Failure
60
characteristic of renal failure and consist of retention of urea in the blood
Renal Failure
61
a characteristic of renal failure and consist of retention of urea in the blood
uremia
62
patients with renal failure experiences
``` moderate anemia hypertension heart arrhythmia congestive heart failure problems related to a severe imbalance of electrolytes and acid-base balance ```
63
an obstructive disease that cause a dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine
Hydronephrosis
64
the most common cause is calculus, however can also occur as a congenital defect or blockage of the system by a tumor, stricture, blood clot or inflammation
Hydronephrosis
65
treatment for hydronephrosis includes
antibiotics (for the presence of any infection) lithotripsy of stone surgical excision of the cause of the obstruction waiting until the stone passes
66
an acquired abnormality common in adults and are usually asymptomatic and not an impairment to renal function, but may cause symptoms from rupture, hemorrhage, infection or obstruction
Renal Cyst
67
commonly found in a lower pole of the kidney and are readily demonstrated by CT and sonography
Renal Cyst
68
most common malignant tumor of the kidney
Renal Cell Carcinoma
69
Renal Cell Carcinoma is also reffered as
adenocarcinoma/ hypernephroma
70
Occurs twice as frequently in males with an increased incidence after the age of 40 years old
Renal Cell Carcinoma
71
The etiology for Renal Cell Carcinoma is unknown but chronic inflammation from _____ are thought to contribute to the development of renal carcinoma
obstruction cigarette smoking obesity hypertension
72
the tendency to metastasize early from the kidney poses a serious threat to the common sites like
``` lungs brain liver bone adrenal glands ```
73
a malignant tumor commonly encountered by children
Nephroblastoma
74
Nephroblastoma is also known as
Wilm's tumor
75
Patients with this disease present a large, palpable abdominal mass, showing an enlarged kidney on a urographic examination
Nephroblastoma
76
usually seen three times more often in men than in women particularly after the age 60
Bladder carcinoma
77
Bladder carcinoma cause is clearly related to
cigarette smoking | certain industrial chemicals
78
main symptom of Bladder carcinoma
painless hematuria

Radiologic Pathology (14 decks)

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