Skeletal System Pathologies 3

Question 1

the cortex breaks on one side without separation or

breaking of the opposing cortex.

Answer 1

Greenstick

Question 2

found almost exclusively in infants and children because of the softness of the cancellous bone

Answer 2

Greenstick

Question 3

another type of complete, noncomminuted fracture in whichtwo or more complete fractures occur involving the shaft of a single bone

Answer 3

Multiple

Question 4

an avulsion fracture of a small fragment or chip of bone from the corner of a phalanx or other long bone

Answer 4

Chip

Question 5

type of incomplete fracture resulting from penetration by a sharp object such a bullet or a knife

Answer 5

Penetrating

Question 6

occurs when the fifth metacarpal fractures as a result of a blow to or with the hand

Answer 6

Boxer’s

Question 7

one of the proximal third of the ulna shaft, with anterior

dislocation of the radial head

Answer 7

Monteggia

Question 8

CEREBRAL CRANIAL FRACTURES

Answer 8

Linear
Depressed
Basilar Skull Fractures

Question 9

appear as straight, sharply defined, nonbranching lines

and are intensely radioluscent

Answer 9

Linear

Question 10

appears as a curvilinear density because the fracture edges are overlapped

Answer 10

Depressed

Question 11

air-fluid levels in the sphenoid sinus and/or clouding of the mastoid air cells are often the only radiographic finding
suggesting a fracture

Answer 11

Basilar Skull Fractures

Question 12

very difficult to demonstrate radiographically

Answer 12

Basilar Skull Fractures

Question 13

generally result from a blow to the face

Answer 13

Facial Bone

Question 14

maybe difficult to recognize initially because of the edema

Answer 14

Zygomatic Arch Fracture

Question 15

may be indicated by clinical signs, which include black eyes, flattening of the cheek, and/or a restriction of the movement of the mandible

Answer 15

Zygomatic Arch Fracture

Question 16

generally detected by the patient’s inability to open the mouth and pain when moving the mandible

Answer 16

Mandibular Fractures

Question 17

these fracture also cause a misalignment of the patient’s teeth

Answer 17

Mandibular Fractures

Question 18

serious because of the adjacent nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, orbit and close proximity of the brain

Answer 18

Fractures of the Maxilla

Question 19

results from a direct blow to the front of the orbit, thus

transferring the force to the orbital walls and floor

Answer 19

Blow-out

Question 20

occurs in the thinnest, weakest portion of the orbit, i.e., the orbital floor just above the maxillary sinuses

Answer 20

Blow-out

Question 21

occurs when the zygomatic or malar bone is fractured at all three suture: frontal, temporal, and maxillary

Answer 21

Tripod

Question 22

may be accompanied by a fracture of the ascending process of the maxillae and/or the nasal septum, which is composed of the vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Answer 22

Nasal Bone Fracture

Question 23

implies that a bone is out of its joint and not in contact with its normal articulation.

Answer 23

Dislocations

Question 24

a partial dislocation, often occurring with a fracture

Answer 24

Subluxation

Question 25

A term associated with a physical form of child abuse. Physical child abuse often co-exists with both emotional and sexual abuse.

Answer 25

Battered Child Syndrome

Question 26

Physical signs of battered child syndrome include:

Answer 26

bruises
burns
abrasions
fractures in various stages of healing

Question 27

Radiographic signs of child abuse include:

Answer 27

hematomas
single or multiple fractures of varying ages, especially in areas where it is difficult for the child to self-inflict the injury.

Question 28

A term associated with ischemic necrosis of bone. The etiology of this disorder is unknown and the disease process is fairly quiet.

Answer 28

Legg-Perthes Disease

Question 29

refers specifically to ischemic necrosis of the head of the femur

Answer 29

Legg-Perthes Disease

Question 30

It tends to occur in males between the ages of 5 to 10 years and often follows injury or trauma to the affected hip. Clinically these patients present with a limp that is accompanied by little or no pain. Radiographically the bone in the center of the epiphysis is fragmented and the head of the femur is flattened

Answer 30

Legg-Perthes Disease

Question 31

The causes of vertebral column injuries include:

Answer 31

direct trauma
hyperextension-flexion injuries (whiplash)
osteoporosis or metastatic destruction.

Question 32

Perhaps the most common condition of the vertebral column is generalized back pain, typically in the ____. Such back pain may not always result from bony involvement.

Answer 32

lumbar area

Question 33

can cause muscle spasm with pain referral throughout the back. Finally, back pain may be secondary to referred pain from the hip.

Answer 33

Disk disease

Question 34

are the most frequent type of injury involving a vertebral body.

Answer 34

Compression fractures

Question 35

a fracture of the arch of the second cervical vertebrae and is usually accompanied by anterior subluxation of the second cervical vertebrae or the third cervical vertebrae

Answer 35

Hangman’s fracture

Question 36

exists when there is a cleft or breaking down, of the body of a vertebra between the superior and inferior articular processes (pars interarticularis).

Answer 36

Spondylolysis

Question 37

Typically this occurs in the arch of the fifth lumbar vertebrae and appears radiographically as a “collar” or “broken neck” on the Scotty dog appearance and is demonstrated on an oblique projection of the lumbar spine.

Answer 37

Spondylolysis

Question 38

When forward slippage of the vertebral column off a vertebra occurs because of spondylolysis, it is known as

Answer 38

Spondylolisthesis

Question 39

The patient with this condition may present symptoms identical to those of a herniated disk.

Answer 39

Spondylolisthesis