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Radiologic Pathology > Disease Classifications > Flashcards

Disease Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases that are present at birth and result from genetic or environmental factors

A

Congenital Disease

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2
Q

Caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes and derived from ancestors

A

Hereditary Diseases

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3
Q

A congenital condition caused by an autosomal mitosis error, leading to an extra twenty first chromosome so that the affected individual has 47 chromosomes rather than the normal 46

A

Down syndrome

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4
Q

A well-known hereditary disease in which proper blood clotting is absent

A

Hemophilia

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5
Q

A genetic abnormality present on the sex chromosome

A

Sex-linked inheritance

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6
Q

A genetic abnormality present on one of the other 22 chromosomes

A

Autosomal inheritance

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7
Q

transmitted by a single gene from either parent

A

Dominant

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8
Q

transmitted by both parents to an offspring

A

Recessive

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9
Q

One of the most common chromosomal variations in humans. Patients with this syndrome have atleast one extra X chromosome

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

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10
Q

Characteristics of Klinefelter’s syndrome

A
  • enlarged breast (gynecomastia)
  • sparse facial and body hair
  • small testes
  • inability to produce sperm (azoospermia)
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11
Q

Characteristics of Turner’s syndrome

A
  • webbing at the back of their necks
  • underdevelopment sex organs
  • absence of menstruation (amenorrhea)
  • puffiness of hands and feet
  • occasionally dwarfism
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12
Q

a rare condition that left the newborn limbless except for a right foot and two toes

A

Tetra Amelia Syndrome

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13
Q

Examples of dominant gene disorders

A

Achondroplasia

Polydactyly (extract digit)

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14
Q

A hollow needle is inserted through the mother’s abdomen into the uterus, and amniotic fluid is drawn for analysis

A

Amniocentesis

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15
Q

results from the body’s reaction to localized injurious agent

A

Inflammatory Disease

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16
Q

result from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi

A

Infective diseases

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17
Q

result from poisoning by biologic substances

A

Toxic diseases

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18
Q

an overreaction of the body’s own defense

A

Allergic disease

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19
Q

diseases associated with autoantibodies

A

Autoimmune Disorders

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20
Q

Ex of Autoimmune Disorders

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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21
Q

antibodies form against and injure the patient’s own tissues

A

Autoantibodies

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22
Q

A generalized pathologic process that is nonspecific to the agent causing the injury

A

Inflammatory reaction or inflammation

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23
Q

Common to acute inflammation and leukocytes serve to remove the dead material through phagocytosis

A

Cellular necrosis (death)

24
Q

process in which damaged tissues are replaced by new tissues that are essentially identical to those replicated

A

Tissue regeneration

25
Q

most desirable type of repair

A

Tissue regeneration

26
Q

alternative to regeneration, but it is less desirable because it leads to scarring and fibrosis

A

Fibrous Connective Tissue repair

27
Q

refers to an inflammatory process caused by a disease-causing organism

A

infection

28
Q

refers to the ease with which an organism can overcome body defenses

A

Virulence

29
Q

caused by a deterioration of the body

A

Degenerative disease

30
Q

Are known to affect the rate of aging

A

heredity
diet
environmental factors

31
Q

Three diseases commonly associated with the aging process

A

Atherosclerosis
osteoporosis
osteoarthritis

32
Q

Makes bone porous and brittle

A

osteoporosis

33
Q

Diseases caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body

A

Metabolic disease

34
Q

These include endocrine disorders and disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance

A

Metabolic disease

35
Q

The sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body

A

Metabolism

36
Q

May consist of hypersecretion, causing an overactivity of the target organ or insufficient secretion, resulting in underactivity

A

Endocrine disorders

37
Q

the most common disturbance of fluid balance

A

dehydration

38
Q

Mineral salts dissolved in the body’s water. Depletion of them may occur because of vomiting, diarrhea, or use of diuretics

A

Electrolytes

39
Q

the body’s normal internal resting state

A

Hemeostasis

40
Q

may result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body

A

Traumatic disease

41
Q

Disorders resulting from extreme hot or cold temperatures, such as burns and frost bites

A

Traumatic disease

42
Q

may injure a bone, resulting in fractures and it may also injure soft tissues

A

trauma

43
Q

Bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture

A

Bruise or contusion

44
Q

an injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the skin

A

wound

45
Q

results in new, abnormal tissue growth

A

Neoplastic disease

46
Q

a term used to describe the many types of cellular change that can occur in response to disease

A

lesion

47
Q

remains localized and is generally noninvasive

A

Benign neoplasm

48
Q

continues to grow, spread and invade other tissues

A

Malignant neoplasm

49
Q

general term often used to denote various types of malignant neoplasms

A

cancer

50
Q

the spread of cancer cells

A

metastasis

51
Q

one type of cancer and is derived from epithelial tissue

A

Carcinoma

52
Q

another cancer which arises from connective tissue

A

sarcoma

53
Q

the primary treatment

A

surgery
chemotherapy
radiation therapy

54
Q

the goal of treatment is allowing the patient free of disease for 5 years

A

curative

55
Q

to relieve pain when curing isn’t possible

A

palliative

Radiologic Pathology (14 decks)

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