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Radiologic Pathology > Disease Classifications > Flashcards

Disease Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases that are present at birth and result from genetic or environmental factors

A

Congenital Disease

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2
Q

Caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes and derived from ancestors

A

Hereditary Diseases

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3
Q

A congenital condition caused by an autosomal mitosis error, leading to an extra twenty first chromosome so that the affected individual has 47 chromosomes rather than the normal 46

A

Down syndrome

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4
Q

A well-known hereditary disease in which proper blood clotting is absent

A

Hemophilia

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5
Q

A genetic abnormality present on the sex chromosome

A

Sex-linked inheritance

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6
Q

A genetic abnormality present on one of the other 22 chromosomes

A

Autosomal inheritance

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7
Q

transmitted by a single gene from either parent

A

Dominant

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8
Q

transmitted by both parents to an offspring

A

Recessive

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9
Q

One of the most common chromosomal variations in humans. Patients with this syndrome have atleast one extra X chromosome

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

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10
Q

Characteristics of Klinefelter’s syndrome

A
  • enlarged breast (gynecomastia)
  • sparse facial and body hair
  • small testes
  • inability to produce sperm (azoospermia)
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11
Q

Characteristics of Turner’s syndrome

A
  • webbing at the back of their necks
  • underdevelopment sex organs
  • absence of menstruation (amenorrhea)
  • puffiness of hands and feet
  • occasionally dwarfism
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12
Q

a rare condition that left the newborn limbless except for a right foot and two toes

A

Tetra Amelia Syndrome

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13
Q

Examples of dominant gene disorders

A

Achondroplasia

Polydactyly (extract digit)

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14
Q

A hollow needle is inserted through the mother’s abdomen into the uterus, and amniotic fluid is drawn for analysis

A

Amniocentesis

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15
Q

results from the body’s reaction to localized injurious agent

A

Inflammatory Disease

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16
Q

result from invasion by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi

A

Infective diseases

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17
Q

result from poisoning by biologic substances

A

Toxic diseases

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18
Q

an overreaction of the body’s own defense

A

Allergic disease

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19
Q

diseases associated with autoantibodies

A

Autoimmune Disorders

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20
Q

Ex of Autoimmune Disorders

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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21
Q

antibodies form against and injure the patient’s own tissues

A

Autoantibodies

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22
Q

A generalized pathologic process that is nonspecific to the agent causing the injury

A

Inflammatory reaction or inflammation

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23
Q

Common to acute inflammation and leukocytes serve to remove the dead material through phagocytosis

A

Cellular necrosis (death)

24
Q

process in which damaged tissues are replaced by new tissues that are essentially identical to those replicated

A

Tissue regeneration

25
most desirable type of repair
Tissue regeneration
26
alternative to regeneration, but it is less desirable because it leads to scarring and fibrosis
Fibrous Connective Tissue repair
27
refers to an inflammatory process caused by a disease-causing organism
infection
28
refers to the ease with which an organism can overcome body defenses
Virulence
29
caused by a deterioration of the body
Degenerative disease
30
Are known to affect the rate of aging
heredity diet environmental factors
31
Three diseases commonly associated with the aging process
Atherosclerosis osteoporosis osteoarthritis
32
Makes bone porous and brittle
osteoporosis
33
Diseases caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body
Metabolic disease
34
These include endocrine disorders and disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance
Metabolic disease
35
The sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body
Metabolism
36
May consist of hypersecretion, causing an overactivity of the target organ or insufficient secretion, resulting in underactivity
Endocrine disorders
37
the most common disturbance of fluid balance
dehydration
38
Mineral salts dissolved in the body's water. Depletion of them may occur because of vomiting, diarrhea, or use of diuretics
Electrolytes
39
the body's normal internal resting state
Hemeostasis
40
may result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body
Traumatic disease
41
Disorders resulting from extreme hot or cold temperatures, such as burns and frost bites
Traumatic disease
42
may injure a bone, resulting in fractures and it may also injure soft tissues
trauma
43
Bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture
Bruise or contusion
44
an injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the skin
wound
45
results in new, abnormal tissue growth
Neoplastic disease
46
a term used to describe the many types of cellular change that can occur in response to disease
lesion
47
remains localized and is generally noninvasive
Benign neoplasm
48
continues to grow, spread and invade other tissues
Malignant neoplasm
49
general term often used to denote various types of malignant neoplasms
cancer
50
the spread of cancer cells
metastasis
51
one type of cancer and is derived from epithelial tissue
Carcinoma
52
another cancer which arises from connective tissue
sarcoma
53
the primary treatment
surgery chemotherapy radiation therapy
54
the goal of treatment is allowing the patient free of disease for 5 years
curative
55
to relieve pain when curing isn't possible
palliative

Radiologic Pathology (14 decks)

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