Female Reproductive System Pathologies

Question 1

the most common congenital anomaly

Answer 1

Bicornuate Uterus

Question 2

This condition consists of paired uterine horns extending to the uterine tubes

Answer 2

Bicornuate Uterus

Question 3

Abnormal uterus that is divided into two separate halves at the upper end

Answer 3

Bicornuate Uterus

Question 4

Occurs when the uterine cavity is elongated and has a single uterine tube emerging from it

Answer 4

Unicornuate Uterus

Question 5

A rare congenital anomaly with complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina

Answer 5

Uterus Didelphys

Question 6

If the uterus is more vertical than normal and points backward toward the bowel

Answer 6

Retroverted

Question 7

If the uterus is completely bent back and lies against the rectosigmoid region of the bowel

Answer 7

Retroflexed

Question 8

A uterus that is tilted vertically forward and it lies on top of the urinary bladder

Answer 8

Anteflexed

Question 9

A bacterial infection of the female genital system specifically the fallopian tubes

Answer 9

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Question 10

PID is most often caused by

Answer 10

gonococcus
straphylococcus
streptococcus bacteria

Question 11

PID is often result from

Answer 11

unsterile abortion
insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)
an introduction of a pathogen from other sources

Question 12

PID without treatment, the infection spreads to the peritoneum, resulting in

Answer 12

bacteremia

Question 13

May also occur with PID, often resulting in sterility

Answer 13

Tubo-ovarian abscess formation

Question 14

Common signs and symptoms of PID are as follows:

Answer 14

pelvic pain and tenderness
fever
chills
elevated white blood cell (WBC) count
nausea and vomiting
purulent cervical discharge

Question 15

Treatment for PID include

Answer 15

antibiotic therapy

very common indication for sonographic eval in a non-gravid patient

Question 16

Inflammation of the breast

Answer 16

Mastitis

Question 17

Most often caused by

Answer 17

Straphylococcus Aureus bacteria

Question 18

usually occurs in the breasts of lactating women through cracks in the skin surrounding the nipple

Answer 18

Mastitis

Question 19

Common signs and symptoms of mastitis are as follows:

Answer 19

pain
redness
swelling of the affected breast
elavated temperature
abscess formation (in severe cases)

Question 20

result from faulty reabsorption of the fluid from incompletely developed follicles

Answer 20

Follicular ovarian cysts

Question 21

occur when reabsorption of any blood leaked into the cavity after ovulation leaves a small cyst behind

Answer 21

Corpus luteum ovarian cysts

Question 22

a disease caused by the presence of endometrial tissue or glands in abnormal locations within the pelvis

Answer 22

Endometriosis

Question 23

may indicate endometriosis

Answer 23

Multiple Cysts Masses

Question 24

this involves the ovaries, uterine ligaments, the rectovaginal septum and pelvic peritoneum and may even attach to the rectal wall, ureters and urinary bladder

Answer 24

Multiple Cysts Masses (endometriosis)

Question 25

Common signs and symptoms of Multiple Cysts Masses (endometriosis)

Answer 25

``` pelvic and lower back pain dysmenorrhea intermittent constipation diarrhea infertility ```

Question 26

consists of enlarged ovaries containing multiple small cysts

Answer 26

Polycystic ovaries

Question 27

An endocrine abnormality inhibiting maturation and release of ovarian follicle

Answer 27

Stein-Leventhal Syndrome

Question 28

Individuals affected with SLS experience

Answer 28

amenorrhea | sterility

Question 29

often called dermoid cyst

Answer 29

Benign Cystic Teratomas of the Ovary

Question 30

the most common type of germ cell tumor containing mature tissue

Answer 30

Benign Cystic Teratomas of the Ovary (dermoid cyst)

Question 31

these masses arise from an unsterilized ova that undergoes neoplastic change

Answer 31

Benign Cystic Teratomas of the Ovary (dermoid cyst)

Question 32

Benign Cystic Teratomas of the Ovary (dermoid cyst) often contain

Answer 32

``` hair thyroid tissue keratin sebaceous secretions occasionally teeth ```

Question 33

surgical removal of the mass

Answer 33

dermoidectomy

Question 34

a malignant neoplasm of the ovary occuring in females over the ages of 40 years

Answer 34

Cystadenocarcinoma

Question 35

the most lethal gynecologic malignancy

Answer 35

Cystadenocarcinoma

Question 36

knowns as Dysplasia

Answer 36

Carcinoma of the Cervix

Question 37

a common malignancy caused by an abnormal growth pattern of epithelial cells around the neck of the uterus

Answer 37

Dysplasia (Carcinoma of the Cervix)

Question 38

symtom of Carcinoma of the Cervix is

Answer 38

abnormal bleeding

Question 39

Carcinoma of the Cervix is generally diagnosed with a ______ and confirmed with

Answer 39

Papanicolaou test | surgical biopsy

Question 40

research indicates that ______ or _____ predisposes a female to this disease (carcinoma of the cervix)

Answer 40

history of multiple sexual partners | sexually transmitted infections

Question 41

the primary treatment for carcinoma of the cervix

Answer 41

radiation therapy | surgical intervention

Question 42

benign solid masses of the uterus that develops from an overgrowth of the uterine smooth muscle tissue

Answer 42

Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids)

Question 43

the most common benign tumors of the female genital system

Answer 43

Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids)

Question 44

Symptoms of Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids) include

Answer 44

``` uterine enlargement and distortion low back pain pressure on the bowel and bladder intermenstrual bleeding acute pain ```

Question 45

although the etiology of Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids) is unknown, still tend to grow under the ______

Answer 45

influence the estrogen may enlarge during pregnancy stop growing at menopause

Question 46

Often termed as carcinoma of the uterus and is one of the most common cancers of the female reproductive system second only to breast cancer

Answer 46

Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium

Question 47

occurs mainly in postmenopausal women and increasing in incidence with age that is due to hormonal changes and even nulliparous women

Answer 47

Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium

Question 48

risk factor of Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium

Answer 48

obesity (major) tamoxifen use late menopause a family history of breast or ovarian cancer history of previous pelvic radiation therapy

Question 49

Treatment for stage 0 Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is curable via

Answer 49

hysterectomy

Question 50

Stage 1 and 2 Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium are usually treated with a

Answer 50

combination of surgery and radiotherapy (has a 5-year survival rate of 80%