Skeletal System Pathologies 4 (Neoplastic Disease)

Question 1

The most common benign bone tumor, which arises from the growth zone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones, also called the metaphysis.

Answer 1

Osteochondroma

Question 2

Most commonly it involves the lower femur or upper tibia and is capped by growing cartilage. Many times ______ are asymptomatic unless the affected long bone is traumatized, which results in a pathologic fracture of the diseased bone.

Answer 2

Osteochondroma

Question 3

A fairly rare growth most commonly located in the skull. These lesions are composed of very dense, well-circumscribe, normal bone tissue that usually projects into the orbits or paranasal sinuses.

Answer 3

Osteoma

Question 4

Another term associated with osteoma of the skull

Answer 4

Hyperostosis frontalis interna

Question 5

Other term for Osteochondroma

Answer 5

Exostoses

Question 6

Malignant transformation of Osteochondroma

Answer 6

Osteosarcoma

Question 7

A slow-growing benign tumor composed of cartilage. It grows in the marrow space and most commonly affects the small bones of the hands and feet in individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 years.

Answer 7

Endochondroma

Question 8

Multiple growths for endochondroma is termed as

Answer 8

Endochondromatosis

Question 9

Malignant transformation for endochondroma

Answer 9

Endosarcoma

Question 10

Other term for endochondroma

Answer 10

Ollier’s syndrome

Question 11

It is a wall of fibrous tissue filled with fluid. These frequently occur in the long bones of children, most commonly in the humerus and knee. The cyst is usually first noticed when the patient presents with pain caused by the increased tumor growth or as a result of a pathologic fracture.

Answer 11

Simple bone cyst

Question 12

Another common benign tumor of the skeletal system is

Answer 12

Osteoid osteoma

Question 13

These fibrous tumors occur twice as often in males compared with females and almost always develop before the age of 30 years.

Answer 13

Osteoid osteoma

Question 14

Osteoid osteomas are most commonly found in the _________ of the young adult.

Answer 14

femur,
tibia
or spine

Question 15

Refers to a group of tumors characterized by the presence of numerous, multinucleated, osteoclastic giant cells. This neoplasms affects the sexes equally and is found in individuals between the ages of 20 to 30 years.

Answer 15

Osteoclastoma (Giant Cell Tumor)

Question 16

Anatomically this disease tends to affect the ends of epiphyses of long bones, especially the lower femur, upper tibia, and lower radius

Answer 16

Osteoclastoma (Giant Cell Tumor)

Question 17

Clinical signs and symptoms of an osteoclastoma are

Answer 17

non-specific and include pain,
tenderness,
an occasional palpable ass,
or an occasional pathologic fracture

Question 18

Except for myeloma, the most common primary malignancy of the skeleton is the ______, which arises from osteoblasts.

Answer 18

Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma)

Question 19

This neoplasm is most frequently found in the metaphyses of long bones, with approximately 50% affecting the knee. This can occur at any age but predominantly affects young males between the ages of 10 to 20 years and is rarely seen after the age of 50 years.

Answer 19

Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma)

Question 20

A highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis because lung metastasis almost always occurs via blood stream.

Answer 20

Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma)

Question 21

Another primary malignant bone tumor is ________

Answer 21

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Question 22

This neoplasm occurs at a younger age than any other primary malignant bone neoplasm, usually between the ages of 5 to 15 years and rarely occurs after the age of 30 years.

Answer 22

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Question 23

Arises from the medullary canal and involves the bone more diffusely, giving rise to uniform thickening of the bone.

Answer 23

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Question 24

Does not begin at the end of a long bone. It does however tend to affect the extremities and pelvis.

Answer 24

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Question 25

Clinical symptoms of Ewing’s sarcoma are

Answer 25

non-specific and
include pain and
tenderness of the affected area

Question 26

A malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin and is composed of atypical cartilage

Answer 26

Chondrosarcoma

Question 27

It is about half as common as osteosarcoma and comprises approximately 10% of all malignant tumors of the skeletal system. Males are three times as likely as females to develop this disease and it is more common in older adults

Answer 27

Chondrosarcoma

Question 28

Any type of cancer can metastasize to bone, but metastatic disease from carcinomas are the most common malignant tumor of the skeleton, with secondary bone tumors of any origin far outnumbering primary bone tumors. The bones of the skeletal system that contain red bone marrow are the major bones affected by metastatic disease because of their good vascularization.

Answer 28

Metastases from other sites

Question 29

The most common primary sites for metastatic bone cancer are

Answer 29

the breast, lung, prostate, kidney and thyroid gland with the tumor spreading via proximity, the blood stream or the lymphatic system