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Radiologic Pathology > Respiratory System Pathologies > Flashcards

Respiratory System Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

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2
Q

affects infants; disorder of prematurity

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

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3
Q

incomplete maturation of the surfactant-producing system

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

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4
Q

Results in alveolar collapse with atelectasis

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

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5
Q

Treatment for Hyaline Membrane Disease consist of

A

proper thermal environment

satisfactory levels of tissue oxygenation

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6
Q

congenital disorder affecting exocrine gland function, with respiratory effects including excessive secretions, obstruction of bronchial system, infection and tissue damage

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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7
Q

Other organs that can be affected by Cystic Fibrosis includes

A 
salivary gland
small bowel
pancreas
biliary tract
female cervix
male genital system
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8
Q

useful in revealing the origin and extent of many respiratory complications such as pneumonia that plaque cystic fibrosis patients

A

chest films

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9
Q

treatment methods for Cystic Fibrosis includes

A

anti-microbial drugs
bronchodilators
respiratory physical therapy
psychologic guidance

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10
Q

the most frequent type of lung infection, resulting in an inflammation of the lung

A

Pneumonias

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11
Q

Main causes of Pneumonias

A

bacteria
virus
mycoplasma

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12
Q

Types of Pneumonias

A 
Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia
Staphylococcal pneumonia
Streptococcal pneumonia
Legionnaire's disease
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Aspiration (chemical) pneumonia
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13
Q

most common bacterial pneumonia

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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14
Q

pneumonia that affects anyone at any age

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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15
Q

preceded by an upper respiratory infection

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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16
Q

Usually present in healthy throats

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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17
Q

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia is accompanied by the ff:

A

chills
coughing
fever

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18
Q

affects the alveoli of the lobes of the lung

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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19
Q

treatment for Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

A

antibiotics

bedrest

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20
Q

Occurs sporadically; severe and fatal in infants

A

Staphylococcal pneumonia

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21
Q

Seen in children as a sign of lesion for Staphylococcal pneumonia

A

pneumatocele

thin-walled, air containing cyst

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22
Q

May enlarge and form abscesses

A

Staphylococcal pneumonia

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23
Q

Patchy in appearance and spread in and around the bronchi

A

Staphylococcal pneumonia

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24
Q

even more rare; appearance localized around the bronchi, in the lower lobes

A

Streptococcal pneumonia

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25
Q

Treatment for Streptococcal pneumonia

A

antibiotic therapy

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26
Q

Name given to a severe, bacterial pneumonia

A

Legionnaire’s disease

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27
Q

Treatment for Legionnaire’s disease

A

antibiotic administration

oxygen treatment

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28
Q

common in children and young adults

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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29
Q

in severe cases, may mimic tuberculosis

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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30
Q

caused by acid vomitus aspirated into the lower respiratory tract

A

Aspiration (chemical) pneumonia

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31
Q

will show edema produced by irritation of the air passages

A

chest x-ray

32
Q

a permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi occurring as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall

A

Bronchiectasis

33
Q

an infection caused by inhalation of myobacterium tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis

34
Q

Lesions are more commonly seen in the ____

A

apical region of the chest

35
Q

refers to a group of disorders that cause chronic airway obstruction

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

36
Q

most common forms of COPD

A

chronic bronchitis

emphysema

37
Q

Most often arises from long term, heavy cigarette smoking, which irritates the mucous lining of the bronchial tree, increasing susceptibility to both bacterial and viral infections

A

chronic bronchitis

38
Q

primary symptoms of chronic bronchitis

A

persistent cough

expectoration

39
Q

expulsion of mucus or phlegm from the throat

A

expectoration

40
Q

demonstrate hyperinflation of the lungs

A

chest radiographs

41
Q

first step of treatment for chronic bronchitis

A

elimination of the causative agent

42
Q

can reduce the presence of infection

A

antibiotics

43
Q

a condition in which the lung’s alveoli become distended, usually from loss of elasticity or interference with expiration

A

emphysema

44
Q

primary symptom of emphysema

A

dyspnea

45
Q

Hyperinflation results as the disease progresses appearing radiographically as

A

a depressed or flattened diaphragm abnormally radiolucent lungs and an
increased retrosternal air space or barrel-shaped chest

46
Q

a group of occupational diseases in which inhalation of foreign inorganic dust materials results in pulmonary fibrosis

A

Pneumoconioses

47
Q

three primary types of pneumoconiosis are:

A

silicosis
anthracosis
asbestosis

48
Q

inhaling of silica (quartz) common among miners, grinders and sandblasters.

A

Silicosis

49
Q

Silicosis is characterized radiographically by multiple small, rounded opaque nodules sometimes referred to as

A

“eggshell calcifications”

50
Q

commonly referred to as the “black lung disease” which results from inhaling of coal dust and is associated with coal workers

A

Anthracosis

51
Q

Results from inhaling asbestos dust. Radiographically, diaphragmatic pleural calcifications are very suggestive of this disease

A

Asbestosis

52
Q

A localized area of dead lung tissue surrounded by inflammatory debris. The abscessses may result from pneumonia, neoplasm or other organisms that invade the lungs

A

Lung abscess

53
Q

consist of accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity.

A

Empyema

54
Q

Treatment for both empyema and lung abscess includes

A

antibiotic therapy

possible fluid drainage

55
Q

inflammation of the pleura used to indicate inconsequential thoracic pain

A

pleurisy

56
Q

pleurisy is indicative of serious condition such as

A

pneumonia
pulmonary embolism
tuberculosis
malignant disease

57
Q

pain in varying intensity is usually distributed to one side or the other and along the intercostal nerve roots

A

pleurisy

58
Q

excess fluid collection in the pleural cavity and is a frequent manifestations of serious thoracic disease, usually pulmonary or cardiac in origin

A

pleural effusion

59
Q

Pleural effusion containing blood is called

A

hemothorax

60
Q

Radiographic signs of pleural effesion include

A

blunting of the costophrenic angle

61
Q

are of great value in diagnosing effusion as well as thoracocentesis, to remove excess fluids

A

Lateral decubitus

62
Q

infection and inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

A

Sinusitis

63
Q

Common causes of sinusitis

A

extremes in humidity and temperature

deviated septum

64
Q

Symptoms of sinusitis

A

nasal discharge

headache

65
Q

Treatment of sinusitis involves

A

antibiotic therapy
analgesics for pain relief
surgery (for deviated septum)

66
Q

it means incomplete expansion of the lung as a result or partial or total collapse

A

Atelectasis

67
Q

2 types of atelectasis

A

compression

absorption

68
Q

occurs when pleural effusion and pneumothorax cause collapse

A

compression

69
Q

occurs when air is completely absorbed from the alveoli beyond an obstructed bronchus

A

absorption

70
Q

it is not a disease but a sign of an abnormal process

A

atelectasis

71
Q

occurs when free air is trapped in the pleural space and compress the lung tissue

A

pneumothorax

72
Q

common causes of pneumothorax

A

penetrating chest trauma
spontaneous blowout of a bleb
postoperative aspiration

73
Q

wrinkle on patient’s skin produce artifacts that can mimic a pneumothorax

A

pseodopneumothorax

74
Q

usually benign but is included under the WHO classification of lung cancer due to its tendencies to invade local tissue

A

Bronchial adenoma

75
Q

the most common fatal primary malignancy of the lung

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

76
Q

four types of bronchogenic carcinoma

A

squamous cell
small cell
large cell
adenocarcinoma

Radiologic Pathology (14 decks)

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