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Radiologic Pathology > Respiratory System Pathologies > Flashcards

Respiratory System Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

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2
Q

affects infants; disorder of prematurity

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

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3
Q

incomplete maturation of the surfactant-producing system

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

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4
Q

Results in alveolar collapse with atelectasis

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

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5
Q

Treatment for Hyaline Membrane Disease consist of

A

proper thermal environment

satisfactory levels of tissue oxygenation

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6
Q

congenital disorder affecting exocrine gland function, with respiratory effects including excessive secretions, obstruction of bronchial system, infection and tissue damage

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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7
Q

Other organs that can be affected by Cystic Fibrosis includes

A 
salivary gland
small bowel
pancreas
biliary tract
female cervix
male genital system
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8
Q

useful in revealing the origin and extent of many respiratory complications such as pneumonia that plaque cystic fibrosis patients

A

chest films

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9
Q

treatment methods for Cystic Fibrosis includes

A

anti-microbial drugs
bronchodilators
respiratory physical therapy
psychologic guidance

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10
Q

the most frequent type of lung infection, resulting in an inflammation of the lung

A

Pneumonias

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11
Q

Main causes of Pneumonias

A

bacteria
virus
mycoplasma

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12
Q

Types of Pneumonias

A 
Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia
Staphylococcal pneumonia
Streptococcal pneumonia
Legionnaire's disease
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Aspiration (chemical) pneumonia
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13
Q

most common bacterial pneumonia

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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14
Q

pneumonia that affects anyone at any age

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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15
Q

preceded by an upper respiratory infection

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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16
Q

Usually present in healthy throats

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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17
Q

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia is accompanied by the ff:

A

chills
coughing
fever

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18
Q

affects the alveoli of the lobes of the lung

A

Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

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19
Q

treatment for Pneumococcal lobar pneumonia

A

antibiotics

bedrest

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20
Q

Occurs sporadically; severe and fatal in infants

A

Staphylococcal pneumonia

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21
Q

Seen in children as a sign of lesion for Staphylococcal pneumonia

A

pneumatocele

thin-walled, air containing cyst

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22
Q

May enlarge and form abscesses

A

Staphylococcal pneumonia

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23
Q

Patchy in appearance and spread in and around the bronchi

A

Staphylococcal pneumonia

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24
Q

even more rare; appearance localized around the bronchi, in the lower lobes

A

Streptococcal pneumonia

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25
Treatment for Streptococcal pneumonia
antibiotic therapy
26
Name given to a severe, bacterial pneumonia
Legionnaire's disease
27
Treatment for Legionnaire's disease
antibiotic administration | oxygen treatment
28
common in children and young adults
Mycoplasma pneumonia
29
in severe cases, may mimic tuberculosis
Mycoplasma pneumonia
30
caused by acid vomitus aspirated into the lower respiratory tract
Aspiration (chemical) pneumonia
31
will show edema produced by irritation of the air passages
chest x-ray
32
a permanent, abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi occurring as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall
Bronchiectasis
33
an infection caused by inhalation of myobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
34
Lesions are more commonly seen in the ____
apical region of the chest
35
refers to a group of disorders that cause chronic airway obstruction
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
36
most common forms of COPD
chronic bronchitis | emphysema
37
Most often arises from long term, heavy cigarette smoking, which irritates the mucous lining of the bronchial tree, increasing susceptibility to both bacterial and viral infections
chronic bronchitis
38
primary symptoms of chronic bronchitis
persistent cough | expectoration
39
expulsion of mucus or phlegm from the throat
expectoration
40
demonstrate hyperinflation of the lungs
chest radiographs
41
first step of treatment for chronic bronchitis
elimination of the causative agent
42
can reduce the presence of infection
antibiotics
43
a condition in which the lung's alveoli become distended, usually from loss of elasticity or interference with expiration
emphysema
44
primary symptom of emphysema
dyspnea
45
Hyperinflation results as the disease progresses appearing radiographically as
a depressed or flattened diaphragm abnormally radiolucent lungs and an increased retrosternal air space or barrel-shaped chest
46
a group of occupational diseases in which inhalation of foreign inorganic dust materials results in pulmonary fibrosis
Pneumoconioses
47
three primary types of pneumoconiosis are:
silicosis anthracosis asbestosis
48
inhaling of silica (quartz) common among miners, grinders and sandblasters.
Silicosis
49
Silicosis is characterized radiographically by multiple small, rounded opaque nodules sometimes referred to as
"eggshell calcifications"
50
commonly referred to as the "black lung disease" which results from inhaling of coal dust and is associated with coal workers
Anthracosis
51
Results from inhaling asbestos dust. Radiographically, diaphragmatic pleural calcifications are very suggestive of this disease
Asbestosis
52
A localized area of dead lung tissue surrounded by inflammatory debris. The abscessses may result from pneumonia, neoplasm or other organisms that invade the lungs
Lung abscess
53
consist of accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity.
Empyema
54
Treatment for both empyema and lung abscess includes
antibiotic therapy | possible fluid drainage
55
inflammation of the pleura used to indicate inconsequential thoracic pain
pleurisy
56
pleurisy is indicative of serious condition such as
pneumonia pulmonary embolism tuberculosis malignant disease
57
pain in varying intensity is usually distributed to one side or the other and along the intercostal nerve roots
pleurisy
58
excess fluid collection in the pleural cavity and is a frequent manifestations of serious thoracic disease, usually pulmonary or cardiac in origin
pleural effusion
59
Pleural effusion containing blood is called
hemothorax
60
Radiographic signs of pleural effesion include
blunting of the costophrenic angle
61
are of great value in diagnosing effusion as well as thoracocentesis, to remove excess fluids
Lateral decubitus
62
infection and inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
Sinusitis
63
Common causes of sinusitis
extremes in humidity and temperature | deviated septum
64
Symptoms of sinusitis
nasal discharge | headache
65
Treatment of sinusitis involves
antibiotic therapy analgesics for pain relief surgery (for deviated septum)
66
it means incomplete expansion of the lung as a result or partial or total collapse
Atelectasis
67
2 types of atelectasis
compression | absorption
68
occurs when pleural effusion and pneumothorax cause collapse
compression
69
occurs when air is completely absorbed from the alveoli beyond an obstructed bronchus
absorption
70
it is not a disease but a sign of an abnormal process
atelectasis
71
occurs when free air is trapped in the pleural space and compress the lung tissue
pneumothorax
72
common causes of pneumothorax
penetrating chest trauma spontaneous blowout of a bleb postoperative aspiration
73
wrinkle on patient's skin produce artifacts that can mimic a pneumothorax
pseodopneumothorax
74
usually benign but is included under the WHO classification of lung cancer due to its tendencies to invade local tissue
Bronchial adenoma
75
the most common fatal primary malignancy of the lung
bronchogenic carcinoma
76
four types of bronchogenic carcinoma
squamous cell small cell large cell adenocarcinoma

Radiologic Pathology (14 decks)

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