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Radiologic Pathology > Gastrointestinal System Pathologies 2 > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Pathologies 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Absence of neurons in the bowel wall, typically in the sigmoid colon

A

HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE

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2
Q

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon

A

HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE

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3
Q

Such absence prevents the normal relaxation of the colon and subsequent peristalsis resulting in gross dilatation to the point of narrowing and constriction.

A

HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE

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4
Q

A group of diseases of various causes in which there is interference with normal
digestion and absorption of food through the small bowel

A

MALABSORPTION SYNDROME

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5
Q

Forms of Malabsorption Syndrome

A

Celiac Disease

Lactose insufficiency

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6
Q

Occurs as a result of sensitivity to Gluten, an agent found in wheat products such
as bread

A

CELIAC DISEASE

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7
Q

Gluten-sensitive enteropathy

A

CELIAC DISEASE

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8
Q

Celiac sprue

A

CELIAC DISEASE

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9
Q

Occurs when the small bowel lacks sufficient quantity of the enzyme lactase.

A

LACTOSE INSUFFICIENCY

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10
Q

narrowing of the esophagus, the passageway from the throat to the stomach

A

ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURES

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11
Q

May be secondary to the ingestion of caustic materials such as strong acids, or
alkalines or from any factor that inflames the mucosa and creates scarring

A

ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURES

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12
Q

These caustic agents burn the esophagus and cause ______

A

edema,
swelling,
and possibly perforation.

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13
Q

results from an incompetent cardiac sphincter, which allows the backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus

A

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)

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14
Q

the primary cause of esophageal inflammations

A

Reflux esophagitis

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15
Q

burning symptoms experienced substernally as a result of the reflux of
gastric acids into the esophagus

A

Heartburn

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16
Q

an erosion of the mucous membrane of the lower end of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum.

A

peptic ulcer

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17
Q

The most likely site of development of peptic ulcer

A

duodenal bulb and

lesser curvature of the stomach.

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18
Q

The etiology directly relates to the hypersecretion of acidic gastric juice (hydrochloric acid) and pepsin (protein-digesting enzyme).

A

PEPTIC ULCER

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19
Q

Major symptoms is pain and males are more frequently affected than the females

A

PEPTIC ULCER

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20
Q

Medical therapies such as mental, physical and gastric rest are given as a treatment,
failure of such may necessitate surgery.

A

PEPTIC ULCER

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21
Q

the inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and small bowel.

A

GASTROENTERITIS

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22
Q

Acute cases of gastroenteritis are caused by

A

excessive alcohol intake,
viral infection,
food allergy, and
specific infectious diseases

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23
Q

Ingestion of foods contaminated with bacteria may also result to ______

A

gastroenteritis

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24
Q

A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly involving the terminal ileum

A

CROHN’S DISEASE

25
Q

CROHN’S DISEASE is also known as

A

Regional Enteritis or granulomatous colitis

26
Q

This disease typically affects young adults in their 20’s and 30’s with symptoms
suggestive of appendicitis or acute bowel obstruction.

A

CROHN’S DISEASE

27
Q

is thought to be an important causative factor of bowel dysfunction.

A

Emotional stress

28
Q

an inflammation of the vermiform appendix, generally resulting from an obstruction
caused by a fecalith or rarely by a neoplasm or ball of worms - oxyuriasisvermicularis)

A

APPENDICITIS

29
Q

Frequently affects individuals between ages of 15-24 years.

A

APPENDICITIS

30
Q

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis

A

a. pain in the epigastrium that moves to the right lower quadrant.
b. nausea (reflux symptom)
c. vomiting (reflux symptom)

31
Q

A chronic, recurrent ulceration of the colon mucosa of unknown cause

A

ULCERATIVE COLITIS

32
Q

Affects young individuals showing symptoms of excessive diarrhea, blood,pus and mucus in the stools.

A

ULCERATIVE COLITIS

33
Q

Such disease generally starts in the rectum and spreads to the sigmoids, sometimes
involving the entire colon.

A

ULCERATIVE COLITIS

34
Q

another complication defined as an acute dilatation of the colon
from paralytic ileus (failure of bowel peristalsis).

A

Toxic megacolon

35
Q

Protrusion of a loop of bowel through a small opening, usually in the abdominal wall.

A

Hernia

36
Q

Popularly referred to as a “rupture”

A

Hernia

37
Q

occurs because of an anatomic weakness

A

Hernia

38
Q

Most common hernia are

A

abdominal,
inguinal,
femoral,
umbilical

39
Q

Femoral and umbilical herniations occur in

A

both sexes

40
Q

Common in men and occurs when a bowel loop protrudes through weakness in the inguinal ring and may descend downward into the scrotum.

A

Inguinal Hernia

41
Q

if a herniated loop of bowel can be pushed back into the abdominal cavity

A

Reducible hernia

42
Q

if it becomes stuck and cannot be reduced

A

Incarcerated hernia

43
Q

if the constriction through which the bowel loop has passed is tight enough to cut off blood supply to the bowel

A

Strangulated hernia

44
Q

a weakness of the esophageal hiatus that permits some portions of the stomach to
herniate into the thoracic cavity

A

Hiatal Hernia

45
Q

occurs when a portion of the stomach and
gastroesophageal junction are both situated above the diaphragm. This type of hernia constitutes the outstanding majority (about 99%) of all hiatal hernias.

A

A direct, or sliding, hiatal hernia

46
Q

Types of Bowel Obstructions

A
  1. Gallstone Ileus
  2. Volvulus
  3. Intussusception
  4. Paralytic Ileus
47
Q

cause of mechanical bowel obstruction in which a gallstone can erode from the
gallbladder and create a fistula to the small bowel

A

GALLSTONE ILEUS

48
Q

This leads to an obstruction, usually when the gallstone reaches the ileocecal valve.

A

GALLSTONE ILEUS

49
Q

Radiographic signs of this include air and fluid levels or air in the biliary tree

A

GALLSTONE ILEUS

50
Q

clinical signs and symptoms of gallstone ileus include

A

abdominal distention,
abdominal cramps, and
vomiting,
sometimes progressing to bloody stools.

51
Q

a twisting of a bowel loop about its mesenteric base, usually at either the
sigmoid or ileocecal junction

A

VOLVULUS

52
Q

Surgical untwisting and resection are necessary to prevent necrosis and perforation
of the bowel caused by a lack of blood supply

A

VOLVULUS

53
Q

Occurs when a segment of bowel, constricted by peristalsis, telescopes into a distal segment, and is driven further into the distal bowel by peristalsis

A

INTUSSUSCEPTION

54
Q

Radiographically, the area of intussusception may appear as a

A

“coiled spring.”

55
Q

Adynamic ileus

A

PARALYTIC ILEUS

56
Q

Failure of bowel peristalsis , often seen after abdominal surgery, which may result
in bowel obstruction

A

PARALYTIC ILEUS

57
Q

generally lasts no longer than 3 days with proper medical treatment

A

PARALYTIC ILEUS

58
Q

Signs and symptoms of paralytic ileus include

A

distention of the abdomen,
abdominal cramping, and
vomiting

Radiologic Pathology (14 decks)

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