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Anatomy Block 4 > Urinary System and Suprarenal Gland > Flashcards

Urinary System and Suprarenal Gland Flashcards

1
Q

From what elevations are the urinary and genital systems originally derived

A

longitudinal urogenital ridges of intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What part of the urogenital ridge gives rise to the urinary system

A

nephrogenic cord

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3
Q

Which systerm development begins first Urinary or genital (what week)

A

Urinary begins first

early week 4

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4
Q

What are the 3 sets of kidneys humans develop and in what order

A

pronephros
mesonephros
Metanephros
In that order and craniocaudally

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5
Q

What does the pronephros consist of and where is it located

A

nonfunctional epithelial cell clusters and tubular structures
in the cervical region

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6
Q

When does the pronephros desintegrate

A

durning 4th week

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7
Q

What do the pronephric cell clusters attach to

A

pronephric duct

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8
Q

Which part of the pronephric kidneys persist to be used later

A

Pronephric duct

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9
Q

Which kidney is the developmental homologue to the type of kidney found in some fish and amphibians

A

Mesonephros

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10
Q

Which kidney is the developmental homologue to the type of kidney found in primitive vertebrates

A

Pronephros

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11
Q

When and where does the mesonephros develop

A

late 4th to 5th week

in a caniocaudal sequence in thoracolumbar region

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12
Q

When is the first development of urine and by which kidney

A

3rd month

mesonephric kidneys

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13
Q

what is formed from the medial end of the mesonephric tubule

A

Cup shaped sac

Bowmans capsule

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14
Q

What invaginates bowmans capsule and where does it connect

A

knot of cappillaries ( glomerulus)

attach by artieries to aorta

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15
Q

What composes a renal corpuscle

A

Bowmans capsule

Glomerulus

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16
Q

What connects all mesonephric tubules and on which end of the tubule

A

Mesonephric duct

laterally

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17
Q

What is the mesonephric duct a continuation of

A

Pronephric duct

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18
Q

what does the mesonephric duct open into

A

cloaca

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19
Q

When does the metanephric kidney develop

A

5th week

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20
Q

What is the first appearance of the metanephric kidney

A

Metanephric diverticulum ( uteric bud)

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21
Q

what is the Metanephric diverticulum an outgrowth of

A

Mesonephric duct

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22
Q

What does the Metanephric diverticulum grow into

A

Metanephrogenic blastema

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23
Q

What is the Metanephrogenic blastema composed of

A

condensation of the caudal part of intermediate mesoderm

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24
Q

As the Metanephric diverticulum penetrates the Metanephrogenic blastema what does it do

A

expands to form ureter and undergoes divisions to form branching up to and including arched collecting tubles

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25
Q

What is the last level of branching done by the Metanephric diverticulum in the Metanephrogenic blastema

A

arched collecting tubules

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26
Q

WHAT IS THE SITE OF CONTINUITY OF THE UTERIC BUD AND THE METANEPHROGENIC BLASTEMA IN THE METANEPHRIC KIDNEY

A

where the distal convoluted tubule joins the arched collecting tubule

27
Q

What is successful development of the methanephric kidney (tubule system) dependent on

A

reciprocal inductive interaction

28
Q

between what does reciprocal inductive interactions occur

A

between tips of branches of metanephric ducts and surrounding metanephrogenic blastemal cells

branching causes nephrons to differentiate and blastema acts on ducts to induce branching

29
Q

What is and is not the role of fetal urine

A

not to clear waste (done by placenta)

contributes to amniotic fluid

30
Q

Where do the metanephric kidneys initially lie

A

close to eachother in pelvis

31
Q

In which direction do the kidneys migrate and to where

A

move laterally and ascend

to lumbar site caudal to suprarenal glands

32
Q

What causes the movement of the kidneys

A

embryos body caudal to kidneys elongates moving them more cranially

33
Q

As the kidneys ascends what happens to them (relative to hillum)

A

Rotate 90 degrees from facing vetrally to medially (now face midline)

34
Q

Which kidney sits higher in the cavity and why

A

left

because right is stopped by liver

35
Q

Where is the inital blood supply to the kidneys off of

A

renal arteries branched from COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES

36
Q

Where is the final blood supply to the kidneys off of

A

renal arteries off of the abdominal aorta

37
Q

What does the urinary bladder develop from

A

endoderm from the hindgut

38
Q

What partitions the cloaca and what does it partition it into

A

urorectal septum

urogenital sinus and dorsal rectum

39
Q

What are the three regions of the urogenital sinus

A

cranial (vesical)
middle (pelvic)
Inferior (phallic)

40
Q

what does the vesical portion of the urogenital sinus become and what is it continuous with

A

presumptive urinary bladder

Alantois (future median umbilical ligament)

41
Q

what does the pelvic portion of the urogenital sinus become in males

A

intermediate and prostatic urethra

42
Q

what does the pelvic portion of the urogenital sinus become in females

A

entire urethra

43
Q

what does the phallic portion of the urogenital sinus grow toward and become in males

A

grows toward genital tubercle

Forms most of penile (spongy) urethra

44
Q

what does the phallic portion of the urogenital sinus grow toward and become in females

A

grows toward genital tubercle

forms velstibule of the vagina

45
Q

what happens to the dorsal wall as the urinary bladder grows

A

incorporates each mesonephric duct with its attached caudal end of the uretur

46
Q

What contributes mesoderm to the formation of the trigone and what happens to that mesoderm

A

absorption of the mesonepric ducts as the bladder grows

mesoderm grown over by endoderm from bladder wall

47
Q

What happens as the inferior ends of the mesonephric ducts are absorbed

A

ureterrs come to open seperateely into the urinary bladder

48
Q

How do the ureters move once absorbed and why is it significant

A

move superolaterally so they are entering obliquely through base of bladder

causes bladder muscles to act like sphincters

49
Q

how and where do the ureters enter the bladder

A

obliquely at the base

50
Q

How do the inferior ends of the mesonephric ducts move once absorbed and what do they become

A

Move medially to enter prostatic part of urethra

become ejaculatory ducts (degen in females)

51
Q

With which part and direction do the ureter and mesonephric duct move and why is it significant

A

ureturs superior with vesicle part
mesonephric move inferior with pelvic part

causes mesonephric to loop around top of ureter

52
Q

What forms the entire urethra in females

A

development o fhte middle pelvic potion of the urogenital sinus

53
Q

what forms the majority of the penile urethra

A

endoderm from the inferior portion of the urogenital sinus

54
Q

Which portion of the penile urethra does not develop from endoderm and what does it develop from

A

distal portion of penile urethra

from ectodermal cord) (glandular plate

55
Q

What does the ectodermal portion of the penis start as

A

solid glandular plate that canalizes

56
Q

what do the ectodermal cells of the penis line

A

navicular fossa

57
Q

What is the smooth muscle and connective tissue of the urethra derived from

A

adjacent splanchinc mesenchyme

58
Q

When do the suparenal glands begin too develop

A

sixth week

59
Q

What develops into the outermost portion of the gland and what is it called

A

mesothelium and mesenchyme

cortex

60
Q

where does the mesothelium and mesencyme of the suprarenal gland cortex come from

A

proliferation between dorsal mesentery and developing gonad

61
Q

What does the cortex produce

A

suprarenal steroids

62
Q

What forms the innermost portion of the suprarenal gland and what is it called

A

neural crest cells

medulla

63
Q

What do neural crest cells differentiate into and what do they produce/release

A

secretory cells

release catecholamines

64
Q

How big are the suprarenal glands in fetal period and what changes

A

same size as kidneys (comparable)

postnatally smaller because of cortex regression

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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