Urinary System and Suprarenal Gland Flashcards
From what elevations are the urinary and genital systems originally derived
longitudinal urogenital ridges of intermediate mesoderm
What part of the urogenital ridge gives rise to the urinary system
nephrogenic cord
Which systerm development begins first Urinary or genital (what week)
Urinary begins first
early week 4
What are the 3 sets of kidneys humans develop and in what order
pronephros
mesonephros
Metanephros
In that order and craniocaudally
What does the pronephros consist of and where is it located
nonfunctional epithelial cell clusters and tubular structures
in the cervical region
When does the pronephros desintegrate
durning 4th week
What do the pronephric cell clusters attach to
pronephric duct
Which part of the pronephric kidneys persist to be used later
Pronephric duct
Which kidney is the developmental homologue to the type of kidney found in some fish and amphibians
Mesonephros
Which kidney is the developmental homologue to the type of kidney found in primitive vertebrates
Pronephros
When and where does the mesonephros develop
late 4th to 5th week
in a caniocaudal sequence in thoracolumbar region
When is the first development of urine and by which kidney
3rd month
mesonephric kidneys
what is formed from the medial end of the mesonephric tubule
Cup shaped sac
Bowmans capsule
What invaginates bowmans capsule and where does it connect
knot of cappillaries ( glomerulus)
attach by artieries to aorta
What composes a renal corpuscle
Bowmans capsule
Glomerulus
What connects all mesonephric tubules and on which end of the tubule
Mesonephric duct
laterally
What is the mesonephric duct a continuation of
Pronephric duct
what does the mesonephric duct open into
cloaca
When does the metanephric kidney develop
5th week
What is the first appearance of the metanephric kidney
Metanephric diverticulum ( uteric bud)
what is the Metanephric diverticulum an outgrowth of
Mesonephric duct
What does the Metanephric diverticulum grow into
Metanephrogenic blastema
What is the Metanephrogenic blastema composed of
condensation of the caudal part of intermediate mesoderm
As the Metanephric diverticulum penetrates the Metanephrogenic blastema what does it do
expands to form ureter and undergoes divisions to form branching up to and including arched collecting tubles
What is the last level of branching done by the Metanephric diverticulum in the Metanephrogenic blastema
arched collecting tubules
WHAT IS THE SITE OF CONTINUITY OF THE UTERIC BUD AND THE METANEPHROGENIC BLASTEMA IN THE METANEPHRIC KIDNEY
where the distal convoluted tubule joins the arched collecting tubule
What is successful development of the methanephric kidney (tubule system) dependent on
reciprocal inductive interaction
between what does reciprocal inductive interactions occur
between tips of branches of metanephric ducts and surrounding metanephrogenic blastemal cells
branching causes nephrons to differentiate and blastema acts on ducts to induce branching
What is and is not the role of fetal urine
not to clear waste (done by placenta)
contributes to amniotic fluid
Where do the metanephric kidneys initially lie
close to eachother in pelvis
In which direction do the kidneys migrate and to where
move laterally and ascend
to lumbar site caudal to suprarenal glands
What causes the movement of the kidneys
embryos body caudal to kidneys elongates moving them more cranially
As the kidneys ascends what happens to them (relative to hillum)
Rotate 90 degrees from facing vetrally to medially (now face midline)
Which kidney sits higher in the cavity and why
left
because right is stopped by liver
Where is the inital blood supply to the kidneys off of
renal arteries branched from COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES
Where is the final blood supply to the kidneys off of
renal arteries off of the abdominal aorta
What does the urinary bladder develop from
endoderm from the hindgut
What partitions the cloaca and what does it partition it into
urorectal septum
urogenital sinus and dorsal rectum
What are the three regions of the urogenital sinus
cranial (vesical)
middle (pelvic)
Inferior (phallic)
what does the vesical portion of the urogenital sinus become and what is it continuous with
presumptive urinary bladder
Alantois (future median umbilical ligament)
what does the pelvic portion of the urogenital sinus become in males
intermediate and prostatic urethra
what does the pelvic portion of the urogenital sinus become in females
entire urethra
what does the phallic portion of the urogenital sinus grow toward and become in males
grows toward genital tubercle
Forms most of penile (spongy) urethra
what does the phallic portion of the urogenital sinus grow toward and become in females
grows toward genital tubercle
forms velstibule of the vagina
what happens to the dorsal wall as the urinary bladder grows
incorporates each mesonephric duct with its attached caudal end of the uretur
What contributes mesoderm to the formation of the trigone and what happens to that mesoderm
absorption of the mesonepric ducts as the bladder grows
mesoderm grown over by endoderm from bladder wall
What happens as the inferior ends of the mesonephric ducts are absorbed
ureterrs come to open seperateely into the urinary bladder
How do the ureters move once absorbed and why is it significant
move superolaterally so they are entering obliquely through base of bladder
causes bladder muscles to act like sphincters
how and where do the ureters enter the bladder
obliquely at the base
How do the inferior ends of the mesonephric ducts move once absorbed and what do they become
Move medially to enter prostatic part of urethra
become ejaculatory ducts (degen in females)
With which part and direction do the ureter and mesonephric duct move and why is it significant
ureturs superior with vesicle part
mesonephric move inferior with pelvic part
causes mesonephric to loop around top of ureter
What forms the entire urethra in females
development o fhte middle pelvic potion of the urogenital sinus
what forms the majority of the penile urethra
endoderm from the inferior portion of the urogenital sinus
Which portion of the penile urethra does not develop from endoderm and what does it develop from
distal portion of penile urethra
from ectodermal cord) (glandular plate
What does the ectodermal portion of the penis start as
solid glandular plate that canalizes
what do the ectodermal cells of the penis line
navicular fossa
What is the smooth muscle and connective tissue of the urethra derived from
adjacent splanchinc mesenchyme
When do the suparenal glands begin too develop
sixth week
What develops into the outermost portion of the gland and what is it called
mesothelium and mesenchyme
cortex
where does the mesothelium and mesencyme of the suprarenal gland cortex come from
proliferation between dorsal mesentery and developing gonad
What does the cortex produce
suprarenal steroids
What forms the innermost portion of the suprarenal gland and what is it called
neural crest cells
medulla
What do neural crest cells differentiate into and what do they produce/release
secretory cells
release catecholamines
How big are the suprarenal glands in fetal period and what changes
same size as kidneys (comparable)
postnatally smaller because of cortex regression
