Pelvic Viscera Flashcards
Where does the pelvic portion of the ureters begin and wheer do they go
Bifurcation of common iliac artery
Descend along side of pelvic wall to pass obliquely through bladder wall
What crosses the ureter superiorly in the male and female
male : ductus defrens
Female: uterine artery (near cervix of uterus
What is the sphincter to the ureter and what does it prevent
the bladder musculature acts as a sphincter preventing reflux of urine during emptying of bladder
Where is the Urinary bladder
posterior to the pubic bones seperated from it by the
extraperitoneal retropubix space (of retzius)
What part of the bladder is not free within the extraperitoneal tissue
Neck of the bladder
inferior tapered portion leading to urethra
Where is the neck of the bladder attched in males
the prostate gland by puboprostatic ligaments
Where is the neck of the bladder attched in females
pelvic diaphragm by pubovesical ligmanets
which surface of the bladder forms the body
Superior
which surface of the bladder forms the fundus
posterior
What happens to the shape and placement of the bladder when distended
globular and ascends into the abdomen
What is the main composition of the bladder wall
detrusor muscle
What are the characteristics and type of detrusor muscle
Smooth muscle
In 3 layers in different directions
What is the anatomical internal urethral sphincter
there isn’t one
What is the functional internal urethral sphincter
opposing arcades of mucles at the neck of the bladder
What lines the interior surface of the bladder
a series of folds called rugae
Where is the one smooth portion of the bladder and what is it called
infeiorior region called urinary trigone
What bounds the urinary trigone
Ureteric openings and internal urethral orifices
what mediates the sensation of fullness and need to pee in the bladder
parasympathetic afferents (GVA) from the bladder wall
what is responsible for the emptying reflex
Parasympathetic motor innervation of the detrusor muscle
and voluntary relaxation of the external urehtral sphincter
During ejaculation in the male what does sympathetic innervation of the internal urethral sphincter do
active contraction of bladder neck preventing seminal fluid from entering the bladder
What are the three parts of the male urethra
Prostatic
Intermediate
Spongy
To which parts of the male urethra does the female urethra corespond
Prostatic and intermediate
Where does the prostatic urethra begin and end
Begin: internal urethral orifice
End: fibers of external urethral sphincter
What is the Urethral crest
median longitudinal ridge on the prostatic urethra
What is the Prostatic sinus
groove on each side of the prostatic urethra
What is the seminal colliculus and where is it located
rounded eminence located on the central part of the urethral crest of the prostatic urethra
what is the prostatic utricle and what is it homologous to
small pit in the prostatic utricle
homologous to uterus and superior vagina
Where are the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts located
each side of the opening of the prostatic utricle
What is the shortest and least dilatable portion of the urethra
intermediate (membranous)
Where is the intermediate (membranous) urethra located
through the external urethral sphincter in the deep perineal pouch
Where is the spongy urethra located
passes through the bulb of the penis and corpus spongiosum and ends at external urethral orifice
Where are the bulbourethral glands located and where do they empty
located on each side of the intermediate membranous urehtra
Ducts enter into the proximal part of the spongy urethra
How does the ductus defents enter the abdominal cavity
throguh deep inguinal ring and over pelvic brim appoaching bladder from posterior
Where doe the ductus deferens pass relative to the ureter and seminal gland
crosses superior to ureter and descends medially to ureter and seminal gland
What does the ductus deferens join with and form
joins the duct of the seminal gland
forms ejaculatory duct
What happens to the size of the ductus deferens before joining the seminal gland
dilates to form an ampulla then narrows markedly before joining
What is the shape and location of the seminal glands (vesicles
size and shape of small finger
on posterior of bladder
What portion of the seminal glands are covered with peritoneum
superior ends
what do the seminal glands secrete
thick alkaline secretion
What creates most of the seminal fluid
Seminal glands alkaline secretion
What forms the ejaculatory ducts and where do the ducts lie
ductus deferens and a duct of seminal gland
lies almost completely within prostate
what are the two compositional elements of the prostate
fibromuscular and glandular
Where is the prostate located and how big is it
infereior to the neck of the bladder (size of walnut)
What are the divisions of the prostate and what divides it
Isthmus (anterior lobe)
Left and right lobes (continuous posteriorly)
prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts
Where do the prostatic ducts open to and what do they release
prostatic sinuses
thin milky fluid
Where is the start and end of the vagina
From vestibule of vagina to cervix of the uterus
What 2 structures does the vagina lie between
rectum and bladder
parallel to pelvic brim
What surrounds the cervix in the vagina
a continuous vaginal recess
What are the names of the recess surrounding the cervix
anterior fornix
posterior fornix
lateral fornixes
What is unique about the posterior fornix
is the deepest and covered by peritoneum off the rectouterine pouch
How does the uterus communicate with wthe vagina
through uterine ostium
external os
What does the uterus receive into it and where
uterine tubes inferior to fundus
what are the 3 sections of the uterus
expanded 2/3rds called body
cylindrical inferior third called cervix
rounded part of body superior to entrance of uterine tubes called fundus
Which section of the uterus is freely moveable and what holds the other section
Body is freely moveable
Cervix is held by several ligaments
What is the normal orientation of the uterus
mainly horizontal inclined anteriorly at the junction of cervix and body
What attaches near the uteriotubual junction on the uterus
Round ligaments of the uterus and ligaments of the ovary
what are the round ligaments of the uterus and ligaments of the ovary derived from
gubernaculum
What encloses the fibrous ligaments and the body of the uterus
double layered peritoneum called broad ligament
what allows communication between the peritoneal cavity and exterior of body in females
fallopian tubes
What are the divisions of the uterine tube
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
uterine part
Which section of the uterine tube is the infundibulum
funnel shaped distal end next to ovary
What is located on the margins of the infundibulum
fimbriae
What is the idest part of the uterine tube
ampulla
which section of the uterine tube joins the uterus
Isthmus
Which section of the uterine tube passes through the uterine wall
uterine (intramural)
What is unique about the ovarries relation to the broad ligament
it is attached to the broad ligament but the surface is NOT covered by peritoneum
which section of the broad ligament does the ovary attach to
mesovarium
What is each ovary attached to and by
Mesovarium of broad ligament
uterus by ligament of ovary
superior end attached to pelvic brim by fold of peritoneum called suspensory ligament of the ovary
What is special about the suspensory ligament of the ovary
conducts the ovarian vessels and nerves
How is the ovary associated with the uterine tube
fimbriae spread over most of ovrarian surface
what forms the major support of the female pelvic viscera
pelvic diaphragm espeically pubic portions of levator ani
What muscles assist the pelvic diapghragm in support of female pelvic viscera
perineal membrane and muscles of the deep perineal pouch
What holds the cervix posterosuperiorly and what are its connections
Uterosacral ligaments (from side of cervix to sacrum)
What serves to hold the cervix immoble and where do they run
transverse cervical ligaments (cardinal ligaments)
extend along base of broad ligament from cervix to lateral pelvic walls
what helps hold the uerus in its relativly normal position
broad ligament and round ligaments of the uterus
What is the retrovesical pouch?
space between bladder and rectum in male
What is the vesicouterine pouch?
space separating body of uterus from bladder
What is the rectouterine pouch?
(pouch of douglas)
sperates uterus from rectum
What is the inferior part of the rectouterine pouch directly adjacent to
posterior fornix of the vagina
What covers the anterior and posterior surfaces of the uterus and comes together at thee sides to extend into the pelvic walls
Broad ligament of uterus
What is the broad ligament of the uterus continuous with
Suspensory ligaments of the ovary
What is contained in the free margin of the broad ligament of the uterus
uterine tube
what are the 3 named parts of the broad ligament of the uterus
Mesometrium
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
What is the mesometrium
part of the broad ligament of the uterus next to the sides of the uterus
What is the mesovarium
posterior part of the broad ligament of the uterus that is attached to ovary
What is the mesosalpinx
part of the broad ligament of the uterus that is superior to the mesovarium and surrounds uterine tube
Whate are the rectourterine folds
underlying uterosacral ligmanets that produce shelf like folds in the peritoneum of the pelvis
Where do most pelvic viscera lie in relation to the peritoneum
Pelvic viscera only partially covered by peritoneum and mostly lie inferior to it
