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Anatomy Block 4 > Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the pelvic portion of the ureters begin and wheer do they go

A

Bifurcation of common iliac artery

Descend along side of pelvic wall to pass obliquely through bladder wall

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2
Q

What crosses the ureter superiorly in the male and female

A

male : ductus defrens

Female: uterine artery (near cervix of uterus

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3
Q

What is the sphincter to the ureter and what does it prevent

A

the bladder musculature acts as a sphincter preventing reflux of urine during emptying of bladder

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4
Q

Where is the Urinary bladder

A

posterior to the pubic bones seperated from it by the

extraperitoneal retropubix space (of retzius)

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5
Q

What part of the bladder is not free within the extraperitoneal tissue

A

Neck of the bladder

inferior tapered portion leading to urethra

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6
Q

Where is the neck of the bladder attched in males

A

the prostate gland by puboprostatic ligaments

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7
Q

Where is the neck of the bladder attched in females

A

pelvic diaphragm by pubovesical ligmanets

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8
Q

which surface of the bladder forms the body

A

Superior

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9
Q

which surface of the bladder forms the fundus

A

posterior

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10
Q

What happens to the shape and placement of the bladder when distended

A

globular and ascends into the abdomen

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11
Q

What is the main composition of the bladder wall

A

detrusor muscle

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12
Q

What are the characteristics and type of detrusor muscle

A

Smooth muscle

In 3 layers in different directions

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13
Q

What is the anatomical internal urethral sphincter

A

there isn’t one

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14
Q

What is the functional internal urethral sphincter

A

opposing arcades of mucles at the neck of the bladder

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15
Q

What lines the interior surface of the bladder

A

a series of folds called rugae

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16
Q

Where is the one smooth portion of the bladder and what is it called

A

infeiorior region called urinary trigone

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17
Q

What bounds the urinary trigone

A

Ureteric openings and internal urethral orifices

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18
Q

what mediates the sensation of fullness and need to pee in the bladder

A

parasympathetic afferents (GVA) from the bladder wall

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19
Q

what is responsible for the emptying reflex

A

Parasympathetic motor innervation of the detrusor muscle

and voluntary relaxation of the external urehtral sphincter

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20
Q

During ejaculation in the male what does sympathetic innervation of the internal urethral sphincter do

A

active contraction of bladder neck preventing seminal fluid from entering the bladder

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21
Q

What are the three parts of the male urethra

A

Prostatic
Intermediate
Spongy

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22
Q

To which parts of the male urethra does the female urethra corespond

A

Prostatic and intermediate

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23
Q

Where does the prostatic urethra begin and end

A

Begin: internal urethral orifice
End: fibers of external urethral sphincter

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24
Q

What is the Urethral crest

A

median longitudinal ridge on the prostatic urethra

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25
Q

What is the Prostatic sinus

A

groove on each side of the prostatic urethra

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26
Q

What is the seminal colliculus and where is it located

A

rounded eminence located on the central part of the urethral crest of the prostatic urethra

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27
Q

what is the prostatic utricle and what is it homologous to

A

small pit in the prostatic utricle

homologous to uterus and superior vagina

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28
Q

Where are the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts located

A

each side of the opening of the prostatic utricle

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29
Q

What is the shortest and least dilatable portion of the urethra

A

intermediate (membranous)

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30
Q

Where is the intermediate (membranous) urethra located

A

through the external urethral sphincter in the deep perineal pouch

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31
Q

Where is the spongy urethra located

A

passes through the bulb of the penis and corpus spongiosum and ends at external urethral orifice

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32
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located and where do they empty

A

located on each side of the intermediate membranous urehtra

Ducts enter into the proximal part of the spongy urethra

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33
Q

How does the ductus defents enter the abdominal cavity

A

throguh deep inguinal ring and over pelvic brim appoaching bladder from posterior

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34
Q

Where doe the ductus deferens pass relative to the ureter and seminal gland

A

crosses superior to ureter and descends medially to ureter and seminal gland

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35
Q

What does the ductus deferens join with and form

A

joins the duct of the seminal gland

forms ejaculatory duct

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36
Q

What happens to the size of the ductus deferens before joining the seminal gland

A

dilates to form an ampulla then narrows markedly before joining

37
Q

What is the shape and location of the seminal glands (vesicles

A

size and shape of small finger

on posterior of bladder

38
Q

What portion of the seminal glands are covered with peritoneum

A

superior ends

39
Q

what do the seminal glands secrete

A

thick alkaline secretion

40
Q

What creates most of the seminal fluid

A

Seminal glands alkaline secretion

41
Q

What forms the ejaculatory ducts and where do the ducts lie

A

ductus deferens and a duct of seminal gland

lies almost completely within prostate

42
Q

what are the two compositional elements of the prostate

A

fibromuscular and glandular

43
Q

Where is the prostate located and how big is it

A

infereior to the neck of the bladder (size of walnut)

44
Q

What are the divisions of the prostate and what divides it

A

Isthmus (anterior lobe)
Left and right lobes (continuous posteriorly)

prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts

45
Q

Where do the prostatic ducts open to and what do they release

A

prostatic sinuses

thin milky fluid

46
Q

Where is the start and end of the vagina

A

From vestibule of vagina to cervix of the uterus

47
Q

What 2 structures does the vagina lie between

A

rectum and bladder

parallel to pelvic brim

48
Q

What surrounds the cervix in the vagina

A

a continuous vaginal recess

49
Q

What are the names of the recess surrounding the cervix

A

anterior fornix
posterior fornix
lateral fornixes

50
Q

What is unique about the posterior fornix

A

is the deepest and covered by peritoneum off the rectouterine pouch

51
Q

How does the uterus communicate with wthe vagina

A

through uterine ostium

external os

52
Q

What does the uterus receive into it and where

A

uterine tubes inferior to fundus

53
Q

what are the 3 sections of the uterus

A

expanded 2/3rds called body
cylindrical inferior third called cervix
rounded part of body superior to entrance of uterine tubes called fundus

54
Q

Which section of the uterus is freely moveable and what holds the other section

A

Body is freely moveable

Cervix is held by several ligaments

55
Q

What is the normal orientation of the uterus

A

mainly horizontal inclined anteriorly at the junction of cervix and body

56
Q

What attaches near the uteriotubual junction on the uterus

A

Round ligaments of the uterus and ligaments of the ovary

57
Q

what are the round ligaments of the uterus and ligaments of the ovary derived from

A

gubernaculum

58
Q

What encloses the fibrous ligaments and the body of the uterus

A

double layered peritoneum called broad ligament

59
Q

what allows communication between the peritoneal cavity and exterior of body in females

A

fallopian tubes

60
Q

What are the divisions of the uterine tube

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
uterine part

61
Q

Which section of the uterine tube is the infundibulum

A

funnel shaped distal end next to ovary

62
Q

What is located on the margins of the infundibulum

A

fimbriae

63
Q

What is the idest part of the uterine tube

A

ampulla

64
Q

which section of the uterine tube joins the uterus

A

Isthmus

65
Q

Which section of the uterine tube passes through the uterine wall

A

uterine (intramural)

66
Q

What is unique about the ovarries relation to the broad ligament

A

it is attached to the broad ligament but the surface is NOT covered by peritoneum

67
Q

which section of the broad ligament does the ovary attach to

A

mesovarium

68
Q

What is each ovary attached to and by

A

Mesovarium of broad ligament

uterus by ligament of ovary

superior end attached to pelvic brim by fold of peritoneum called suspensory ligament of the ovary

69
Q

What is special about the suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

conducts the ovarian vessels and nerves

70
Q

How is the ovary associated with the uterine tube

A

fimbriae spread over most of ovrarian surface

71
Q

what forms the major support of the female pelvic viscera

A

pelvic diaphragm espeically pubic portions of levator ani

72
Q

What muscles assist the pelvic diapghragm in support of female pelvic viscera

A

perineal membrane and muscles of the deep perineal pouch

73
Q

What holds the cervix posterosuperiorly and what are its connections

A

Uterosacral ligaments (from side of cervix to sacrum)

74
Q

What serves to hold the cervix immoble and where do they run

A

transverse cervical ligaments (cardinal ligaments)

extend along base of broad ligament from cervix to lateral pelvic walls

75
Q

what helps hold the uerus in its relativly normal position

A

broad ligament and round ligaments of the uterus

76
Q

What is the retrovesical pouch?

A

space between bladder and rectum in male

77
Q

What is the vesicouterine pouch?

A

space separating body of uterus from bladder

78
Q

What is the rectouterine pouch?

A

(pouch of douglas)

sperates uterus from rectum

79
Q

What is the inferior part of the rectouterine pouch directly adjacent to

A

posterior fornix of the vagina

80
Q

What covers the anterior and posterior surfaces of the uterus and comes together at thee sides to extend into the pelvic walls

A

Broad ligament of uterus

81
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus continuous with

A

Suspensory ligaments of the ovary

82
Q

What is contained in the free margin of the broad ligament of the uterus

A

uterine tube

83
Q

what are the 3 named parts of the broad ligament of the uterus

A

Mesometrium
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx

84
Q

What is the mesometrium

A

part of the broad ligament of the uterus next to the sides of the uterus

85
Q

What is the mesovarium

A

posterior part of the broad ligament of the uterus that is attached to ovary

86
Q

What is the mesosalpinx

A

part of the broad ligament of the uterus that is superior to the mesovarium and surrounds uterine tube

87
Q

Whate are the rectourterine folds

A

underlying uterosacral ligmanets that produce shelf like folds in the peritoneum of the pelvis

88
Q

Where do most pelvic viscera lie in relation to the peritoneum

A

Pelvic viscera only partially covered by peritoneum and mostly lie inferior to it

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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