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Anatomy Block 4 > Genital System > Flashcards

Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

from what three sources are the gonads derived

A

mesothelium on posterior abdominal wall

mesenchyme underlying the mesothelium

primordial germ cells

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2
Q

What makes up the gonadal (urogenital) ridge

A

proliferation of mesothelium and underlying mesenchym medial to mesonephros

form longitudinal bulge

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3
Q

From where do the primordial germ cells come

A

from ubilical visicle through the dorsal mesentery

to invade gonadal ridge

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4
Q

What does the mesothelium proliferate into and when

A

epithelial cords (gonadal cords) which grow into mesenchyme

6th week

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5
Q

What do the gonadal cords invest

A

germ cells

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6
Q

at the 6th week what makes up theindifferent gonad

A

outer cortex with gonadal cords and

inner medulla primarily of mesenchyme

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7
Q

before what week are the gonads still indistinguishable

A

week 7

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8
Q

What hppens in week 7 to start gonadal differntiation

A

protein encoded by sry gene on y chromosome is produced

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9
Q

What is the the protein encoded by SRY

A

testis determining factor

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10
Q

What synthesizes the sry/tdf

A

presertoli cells of gonadal cords

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11
Q

If sry is absent or defective what occurs

A

female development

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12
Q

What are the 3 events that occur as a result of sry influence

A

gonadal cords condense and extend into medulla

Thick fibrous capsule interrupts the connection of gonadal cords with surface epithelium

Leydig cells develop from mesenchymal cells within genital ridges

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13
Q

What forms as a result of gonadal cords being affected by sry

A

Rete testis

from the extension branching and anastomoses of condesnesed cords in medulla

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14
Q

What do the gonadal cords differentiate into

A

Sertoli cells

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15
Q

What do the seroli cells organize and align with and what do they derive from

A

Spermatagonia

from primordial germ cells

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16
Q

What is created from the organization of sertoli cells and speramtagonia

A

seminiferous cords

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17
Q

What triggers the transition from seminiferous cords to tubles

A

puberty

lumina forms in cords

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18
Q

What interrupts the connection of the gonadal cords with the surface epithelium

A

tunica abuginea

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19
Q

What do leydig cells develop from

A

mesenchymal cells in genital ridges

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20
Q

What do leydig cells secrete and why is it important

A

testosterone

impotant for differentiation of male genital duct system from mesonephric duct system

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21
Q

What do sertoli cells secrete and what does it do

A

Antimullerian homrmone or Mullerian inhibiting substance

supresses development of paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts

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22
Q

When does the indiffernt gonad become an ovary

A

in the 10th week without testis diff signals

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23
Q

Which gonadal development lags behind the other

A

ovary lags behind testies

24
Q

When does ovarian differentiation begin (cords)

A

when gonadal cords degenerate and cortical cords develop

25
Q

where do cortical cords extend

A

from surface epithelium to underlying mesenchyme

26
Q

What happens as the cortical cords increase in size

A

oogonia undergo mitosis and are incoporated into the cortical cords

27
Q

what doe oogonia derive from

A

primordial germ cells

28
Q

What do the the cortical cords break up into

A

isolated clusters each containing oogonium

29
Q

What happens once the cords break up

A

oogonia enter meiosis and are called primary oocytes

30
Q

Once the oogonia become primary oocytes what surrounds them and what is it derived from

A

singly layer of flattened epithelial cells

from cortical cords

31
Q

What is the name for the association of oocytes and epithelial cells

A

Primordial follicles

32
Q

In what phase are oocytes pausesd

A

first meiotic division

33
Q

when does th oocyte resume meiosis

A

once it is stimulated to develop during the reproductive lifespan of a woman

34
Q

When do oogonia form postnatally

A

they dont

35
Q

What are the two ducts that are initally present as presumptive geital ducts

A

mesonephric (wolffian)

Paramesonephric (mullerian)

36
Q

If nothing is secreted what presumptive geneital duct progresses

A

paramesonephric duct and mesonephric regress

37
Q

What causes the paramesonephric duct to regress and mesonephric to sustain

A

testosterone stimulates meso

MIS causes Para to degen

38
Q

What forms into efferent ductules

A

some mesonephric tubules of the degenerating mesonephric kidney

39
Q

What is formed from the cranial part of the mesonephric duct and what does it connect with

A

epididymis

efferent ductules

40
Q

What forms from the non cranial portion of the mesonephric duct

A

vas deferens

41
Q

what gives rise to the seminal vesicle

A

outgrowth from the caudal end of the mesonephric duct

42
Q

What is the part of the mesonephric duct distal to each seminal gland

A

ejaculatory duct

43
Q

What does the glandular portion oof the prostate develop from

A

endodermal outgrwoths of the prostatic urethra

44
Q

What is the stroma and smooth muscle of the prostate derived from

A

mesoderm

45
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands arise from

A

endodermal outgrowths from the urethra

distal to prostate

46
Q

When do th paramesonephric ducts from wand where

A

6th week

lateral to the mesonephric ducts

47
Q

how are the paramesonephric ducts formed

A

invagination of colemic epithelium in craniocaudal sequence

48
Q

what gives rise to most of the female genital tract

A

paramesonephric ducts

49
Q

What arises from the paramesonephric ducts cranially

A

open into the coelom and form uterine tubes

50
Q

What arises from the fusion of the paramesonephric ducts caudaly

A

uterus and upper part of vagina

51
Q

What also arises from the fusion of the paramesonephric ducts

A

broad ligament of uterus

52
Q

what does the broad ligament of the uterus partition

A

lower peritoneal cavity into vesicouterine and rectouterine puches

53
Q

fused ends of the uterovaginal primordia contacting postieror inferior wall of urogenital sinus causes what

A

induced formation of a thickining called the sinus tubercle

54
Q

What does the sinus tubercle form

A

proliferates and forms swellings called sinovaginal bulbs

55
Q

What do the sinovaginal bulbs form and how

A

extend caudally and fuse to form solid vaginal plate

56
Q

What does the vaginal plate form

A

canalizes to form lower part of vagina

57
Q

what forms in the female as a result of endodermal outgrowth from the pelvic portion of the urogenital sinus (3)

A

urethral
paraurethral
greater vestibular glands

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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