Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

from what three sources are the gonads derived

A

mesothelium on posterior abdominal wall

mesenchyme underlying the mesothelium

primordial germ cells

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2
Q

What makes up the gonadal (urogenital) ridge

A

proliferation of mesothelium and underlying mesenchym medial to mesonephros

form longitudinal bulge

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3
Q

From where do the primordial germ cells come

A

from ubilical visicle through the dorsal mesentery

to invade gonadal ridge

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4
Q

What does the mesothelium proliferate into and when

A

epithelial cords (gonadal cords) which grow into mesenchyme

6th week

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5
Q

What do the gonadal cords invest

A

germ cells

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6
Q

at the 6th week what makes up theindifferent gonad

A

outer cortex with gonadal cords and

inner medulla primarily of mesenchyme

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7
Q

before what week are the gonads still indistinguishable

A

week 7

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8
Q

What hppens in week 7 to start gonadal differntiation

A

protein encoded by sry gene on y chromosome is produced

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9
Q

What is the the protein encoded by SRY

A

testis determining factor

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10
Q

What synthesizes the sry/tdf

A

presertoli cells of gonadal cords

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11
Q

If sry is absent or defective what occurs

A

female development

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12
Q

What are the 3 events that occur as a result of sry influence

A

gonadal cords condense and extend into medulla

Thick fibrous capsule interrupts the connection of gonadal cords with surface epithelium

Leydig cells develop from mesenchymal cells within genital ridges

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13
Q

What forms as a result of gonadal cords being affected by sry

A

Rete testis

from the extension branching and anastomoses of condesnesed cords in medulla

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14
Q

What do the gonadal cords differentiate into

A

Sertoli cells

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15
Q

What do the seroli cells organize and align with and what do they derive from

A

Spermatagonia

from primordial germ cells

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16
Q

What is created from the organization of sertoli cells and speramtagonia

A

seminiferous cords

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17
Q

What triggers the transition from seminiferous cords to tubles

A

puberty

lumina forms in cords

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18
Q

What interrupts the connection of the gonadal cords with the surface epithelium

A

tunica abuginea

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19
Q

What do leydig cells develop from

A

mesenchymal cells in genital ridges

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20
Q

What do leydig cells secrete and why is it important

A

testosterone

impotant for differentiation of male genital duct system from mesonephric duct system

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21
Q

What do sertoli cells secrete and what does it do

A

Antimullerian homrmone or Mullerian inhibiting substance

supresses development of paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts

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22
Q

When does the indiffernt gonad become an ovary

A

in the 10th week without testis diff signals

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23
Q

Which gonadal development lags behind the other

A

ovary lags behind testies

24
Q

When does ovarian differentiation begin (cords)

A

when gonadal cords degenerate and cortical cords develop

25
where do cortical cords extend
from surface epithelium to underlying mesenchyme
26
What happens as the cortical cords increase in size
oogonia undergo mitosis and are incoporated into the cortical cords
27
what doe oogonia derive from
primordial germ cells
28
What do the the cortical cords break up into
isolated clusters each containing oogonium
29
What happens once the cords break up
oogonia enter meiosis and are called primary oocytes
30
Once the oogonia become primary oocytes what surrounds them and what is it derived from
singly layer of flattened epithelial cells from cortical cords
31
What is the name for the association of oocytes and epithelial cells
Primordial follicles
32
In what phase are oocytes pausesd
first meiotic division
33
when does th oocyte resume meiosis
once it is stimulated to develop during the reproductive lifespan of a woman
34
When do oogonia form postnatally
they dont
35
What are the two ducts that are initally present as presumptive geital ducts
mesonephric (wolffian) | Paramesonephric (mullerian)
36
If nothing is secreted what presumptive geneital duct progresses
paramesonephric duct and mesonephric regress
37
What causes the paramesonephric duct to regress and mesonephric to sustain
testosterone stimulates meso | MIS causes Para to degen
38
What forms into efferent ductules
some mesonephric tubules of the degenerating mesonephric kidney
39
What is formed from the cranial part of the mesonephric duct and what does it connect with
epididymis efferent ductules
40
What forms from the non cranial portion of the mesonephric duct
vas deferens
41
what gives rise to the seminal vesicle
outgrowth from the caudal end of the mesonephric duct
42
What is the part of the mesonephric duct distal to each seminal gland
ejaculatory duct
43
What does the glandular portion oof the prostate develop from
endodermal outgrwoths of the prostatic urethra
44
What is the stroma and smooth muscle of the prostate derived from
mesoderm
45
What do the bulbourethral glands arise from
endodermal outgrowths from the urethra | distal to prostate
46
When do th paramesonephric ducts from wand where
6th week | lateral to the mesonephric ducts
47
how are the paramesonephric ducts formed
invagination of colemic epithelium in craniocaudal sequence
48
what gives rise to most of the female genital tract
paramesonephric ducts
49
What arises from the paramesonephric ducts cranially
open into the coelom and form uterine tubes
50
What arises from the fusion of the paramesonephric ducts caudaly
uterus and upper part of vagina
51
What also arises from the fusion of the paramesonephric ducts
broad ligament of uterus
52
what does the broad ligament of the uterus partition
lower peritoneal cavity into vesicouterine and rectouterine puches
53
fused ends of the uterovaginal primordia contacting postieror inferior wall of urogenital sinus causes what
induced formation of a thickining called the sinus tubercle
54
What does the sinus tubercle form
proliferates and forms swellings called sinovaginal bulbs
55
What do the sinovaginal bulbs form and how
extend caudally and fuse to form solid vaginal plate
56
What does the vaginal plate form
canalizes to form lower part of vagina
57
what forms in the female as a result of endodermal outgrowth from the pelvic portion of the urogenital sinus (3)
urethral paraurethral greater vestibular glands