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Anatomy Block 4 > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leg defined as

A

Lower limb between knee and ankle

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2
Q

What are the bones of the leg and where are they located?

A

Tibia: Medial
Fibula: Lateral

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3
Q

What is unique about the Tibia

A

It is subcutaneous along its entire length

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4
Q

What is found at the proximal end of the Tibia and what does it articulate with?

A

Lateral and Medial Condyle

Articulate with femur

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5
Q

What is found at the Distal end of the Tibia and what does it articulate with?

A

Medial Malleolus
projects medially and inferiorly

Articulates with Talus bone of foot

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6
Q

Which bones of the leg participate in formation of the knee joint

A

Just Tibia

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7
Q

Which bones of the legs are weight barring

A

Just Tibia

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8
Q

What is found at the proximal end of the Fibula and what does it articulate with?

A

Fibular head

articulates with lateral condyle of the tibia

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9
Q

What is found at the distal end of the Fibula and what does it articulate with?

A

Lateral malleolus

Articualtes with the Talus bone of the foot

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10
Q

What unites the Tibia and fibula

A

Strong fibrous sheet called:

Interosseous Membrane

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11
Q

What is the deep fascia of the leg called and where does it attach

A

Crural fascia

Superiorly attached to bony structures of the knee but continuous posteriorly with Fascia latae

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12
Q

What are the compartments of the leg and what seperates them

A

Septa of cural fascia divides:

  • Anterior
  • Lateral
  • Posterior

Transverse Intermuscular septum divides Posterior:

Posterior divided into:
superficial and deep

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13
Q

What happens with the crural fascia at the ankle

A

Thickened by transverse fibers that form retinacula

over the tendons

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14
Q

What is the role of the retinacula in the ankle

A

prevent bowstringing of tendons during muscular contraction

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15
Q

What is the path of the tendons of the anterior leg muscles pass as they enter the foot?

A

Pass deep to the:
Superior extensor retinacula
Inferior extensor retinacula

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16
Q

What is the path of the tendons of the lateral leg muscles pass as they enter the foot?

A

Pass deep to the:
Superior fibular retinacula
Inferior retinacula

And Posterior to:
Lateral malleolus

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17
Q

What is the path of the tendons of the deep posterior leg muscles pass as they enter the foot?

A

Deep to:
Flexor retinaculum

And Posterior to:
medial Malleolus

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18
Q

What accompanies the tendons of the deep posterior leg muscles pass as they enter the foot?

A

Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial vein
Tibial nerve

(travel same path)

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19
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior leg from medial to Lateral? (4)

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor Hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius

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20
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Tibialis anterior muscle?

A

Origin:
-Lateral surface of the tibia and overlying crural fascia

Insertion:

  • medial cuniform bone
  • 1st Metatarsal
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21
Q

What is the action of the Tibialis anterior muscle?

A

Dorsiflexes Foot

Inverts Foot

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the Tibialis anterior muscle?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2

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23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle?

A

Origin:
Middle part of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Distal phalanx of big toe (hallux)

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24
Q

What is the action of the Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle?

A

Primarily Extends Big toe and dorsiflexes foot

Also weakly inverts foot

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2

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26
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor digitorum Longus muscle?

A

Origin:
proximal part of the fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Middle and distal Phalanges of the lateral 4 digits
(form extensor expansions on toes)

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27
Q

What is the action of the Extensor digitorum Longus muscle?

A

Extends toes and dorsiflexes foot

also weakly inverts foot

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor digitorum Longus muscle?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2

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29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Fibularis Tertius muscle?

A

Is a part of extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin:
Distal part of the finula and interosseous membrae

Insertion:
Base of the 5th metatarsal

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30
Q

What is the action of the Fibularis Tertius muscle?

A

Dorsiflexes the foot

aids in eversion

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31
Q

What is the innervation of the Fibularis Tertius muscle?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2

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32
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral leg? (2)

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

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33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Fibularis longus muscle?

A

Origin:
Proximal 2/3rds of fibula

Crosses sole of foot then inserts:
Medial Cuniform
1st metatarsal bones

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34
Q

What is the action of the Fibularis longus muscle?

A
  • Eversion of the foot

- assist in plantar flexion

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35
Q

What is the innervation of the Fibularis longus muscle?

A

Superfical Fibular nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2

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36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?

A

Origin:
Distal 2/3rds of fibula

Insertion:
tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

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37
Q

What is the action of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?

A
  • Eversion of the foot

- assist in plantar flexion

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38
Q

What is the innervation of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?

A

Superfical Fibular nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2

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39
Q

What are the muscles of the Posterior Leg? (Superficial/Deep) (7)

A

Superficial:

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris

Deep

  • Politeus
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Hallucis longus
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40
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Most superficial of posterior
Origin:
2 heads from lateral and medial condyles of femur

Insertion:
posterior surface of calcaneous bone through common tendon: calcaneal/achilles tendon

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41
Q

What is the action of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Active in plantar flexion of the foot

Flexes knee when not weight bearing

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42
Q

What is the innervation of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4,L5, S1-3

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43
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Soleus muscle?

A

Origin:
horse shoe shaped origin from tibia and fibula (as such does not act on knee joint)

Insertion:
posterior surface of calcaneous bone through common tendon: calcaneal/achilles tendon

44
Q

What is the action of the Soleus muscle?

A

Active in plantar flexion of the foot

45
Q

What is the innervation of the Soleus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4,L5, S1-3

46
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Plantaris muscle?

A

Origin:

  • Lateral Supracondylar line of femur
  • Oblique popliteal ligament

Insertion:
posterior surface of calcaneous bone through common tendon: calcaneal/achilles tendon

47
Q

What is the action of the Plantaris muscle?

A

Weak flexor of knee
Weak plantar flexor of ankle

Active plantar flexion of foot (?)

48
Q

What is the innervation of the Plantaris muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4,L5, S1-3

49
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Popliteus muscle?

A

Origin:
Lateral condyle of the femur and lateral meniscus of knee joint

Insertion:
Posterior surface of tibia

50
Q

What is the action of the Popliteus muscle?

A

-Weak plantar flexor
-UNLOCKS THE KNEE
rotates femur laterally in a weight bearing leg (must be done before knee can be flexed)

51
Q

What is the innervation of the Popliteus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4,L5, S1-3

52
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?

A

Origin:
Middle part of tibia

Insertion:
Distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

53
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?

A

Plantar flexes the foot

Flexes lateral 4 digits

54
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4,L5, S1-3

55
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Tibialis posterior muscle?

A

Origin:
interosseous membrane, tibia, and fibula

Insertion:

  • Plantar surface of the navicuar bones (primary)
  • Cuniform bones
  • Cuboid bones
  • bases of distal 2nd 3rd and 4th metatarsals
56
Q

What is the action of the Tibialis posterior muscle?

A

Inverts and Plantar Flexes foot

57
Q

What is the innervation of the Tibialis posterior muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4,L5, S1-3

58
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?

A

Origin:
Fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Distal phalanx of big toe

59
Q

What is the action of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?

A

Flexes big toe

Plantar flexes foot

60
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4,L5, S1-3

61
Q

Which muscle of the superficial compartment does not act on the knee at all and why?

A

Soleus (attached only to tibia and fibula)

62
Q

What is the main push off muscle during walking and running

A

flexor hallucis longus

63
Q

While the leg is weight bearing what must be done before the knee can be flexed? What does this?

A

Femur most be rotated laterally

Done by popliteus

64
Q

What muscles attach to the achilles tendon?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

65
Q

What muscle is sometimes absent from the posterior leg muscles

66
Q

What is the main action of muscles of the anterior leg and what innervates them?

A

Dorsiflection of the foot and extension of toes

Deep Fibular nerve
L4, L5, S1, S2

67
Q

What is the main action of muscles of the lateral leg and what innervates them?

A

active in eversion of foot
assist in plantar flexion

Superficial fibular nerve
(L4, L5, S1, S2)

68
Q

What is the main action of muscles of the posterior leg and what innervates them?

A

Plantar flexion of the foot

Tibial Nerve
L4, L5, S1-S3

69
Q

What is the shape of the inferior retinaculum and where does it attach

A

y shaped
Base lateral 2 arms medial

Base: lateral side of calcaneus
Upper arm: medial malleolus
Lower arm: blends with deep fascia

70
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

A

diamond shaped intermuscular space posterior to the knee joint

71
Q

What bounds the popliteal fossa superolaterally?

A

Biceps femoris (long and short heads)

72
Q

What bounds the popliteal fossa superomedially?

A

Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

73
Q

What bounds the popliteal fossa inferiorly

A

Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

74
Q

What makes up the Floor/Anterior wall of the Popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal surface of femur
Post. capsule of knee joint
Popliteus muscle

75
Q

What makes up the Roof/Posterior wall of the Popliteal fossa?

A

Skin and fascia

76
Q

What are all the boundaries of the Popliteal fossa

A

Superomedial:
Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Superolateral:
Biceps femoris (long and short heads)

Inferior:
Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

Roof/posterior:
Skin and fascia

Floor/anterior:
Popliteal surface of femur
Post. capsule of knee joint
Popliteus muscle

77
Q

What is contained within the Popliteal fossa (6)

A

-Popliteal artery
-Genicular branches (of popliteal artery)
-Popliteal vein
-Small Saphenous vein
-Tibial Nerve
-Common fibular nerve
PCS GTP or SGT PCP

78
Q

What are the most superficial and deepest structures of the popliteal fossa

A

Superficial:
tibial and common fibular nerves

Deep:
Popliteal artery

79
Q

What is the saphenous nerve a branch of and were does it arise/pass

A

terminal branch of femoral nerve

emerges at medial side of knee and passes down anteromedial aspect of leg

80
Q

What does the saphenous nerve supply

A

skin on medial side of knee and anteromedial aspect of leg

81
Q

What forms the sural nerve?

A

Contributions from tibial and common fibular nerves

82
Q

What does the sural nerve supply

A

skin on the posterolateral leg and lateral foot

83
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide

A

in inferior 1/3rd of posterior thigh before entering popliteal fossa

84
Q

What runs with th small saphenous vein on the posterior aspect of the leg

A

Sural nerve

85
Q

How does the Common fibular nerve leave the popliteal fossa and what does it give off

A

Over lateral head of gastrocnemius
(giving off articular branches to knee and contribution to sural)
Then anteroinferiorly around fibular head to enter lateral compartment

86
Q

When the Common fibular nerve enters the lateral compartment what does it do

A

divides into superficial and deep fibular nerves

87
Q

What does the superfical branch of the common fibular nerve supply

A

Lateral compartment of the leg

88
Q

What does the deep branch of the common fibular nerve supply

A

anterior compartment of the leg

89
Q

How does the tibial nerve leave the popliteal fossa and what does it give off

A

(gives off contribution to sural in fossa)
continues downward into posterior compartment in association w/ transverse intermuscular septum and passes posterior to medial malleolus

90
Q

What happens to the tibial nerve as it passes posterior to the medial malleolus

A

divides into medial and lateral plantar neres

91
Q

What does the politeal artery give off in to popliteal fossa

A
  • Paired superior geniculate arteries
  • Middle geniculate artery
  • Paired inferior geniculate arteries
92
Q

What do the geniculate arteries provide and do

A

Provide for the knee joint and anastomose around it

93
Q

What does the popliteal artery do after giving off geniculate branches

A

divide into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

94
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery supply and how does it get there

A

supplies anterior compartment of the thigh

passes through interosseous membrane

95
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery become as it continues over the ankle joint

A

dorsalis pedis artery

96
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery travel with and give off

A

travels with with tibial nerve deep to the origin of the soleus

and gives off fibular artery laterally

97
Q

Where does the fibular artery travel and what does it supply

A

descends distally in lateral part of posterior compartment

suplies the lateral part of posterior compartment and the lateral compartment

98
Q

What happens to the tibial artery as it passes the medial malleolus

A

enters foot as lateral and medial plantar arteries

99
Q

What are the superficial veins of the leg continuous with

A

dorsal venous arch of the foot

100
Q

What arises from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and what does it drain

A

Great saphenous vein (has numerous valves)

drains much of the leg

101
Q

What does the great saphenous vein empty into

A

Femoral vein at the saphenous opening

102
Q

What accompanies the great saphenous vein in the leg

A

saphenous nerve

103
Q

What arises from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and what does it drain

A

small saphenous vein

drains posterior surface of the leg and gives off communications to great saphenous vein and deep veins

104
Q

how does the small saphenous vein communicate with the great saphenous vein and deep veins? What do they contain?

A

via perforating veins

contain valves that prevent return of blood to the superficial veins

105
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein empty into

A

Popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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