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Anatomy Block 4 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the ankle

A

the tarsus

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2
Q

What 7 bones compose the ankle

A 
Clacaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial
Intermediate
Lateral
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3
Q

What do the cuboid and cuneiform bones articulate with

A

the 5 metatarsals

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4
Q

What do the the metatarsals articulate with

A

phalanges (bones of the toes)

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5
Q

How many phalanges does each digit have

A

hallux: 2 (proximal distal)

digits 2-5: 3 (proximal middle distal)

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6
Q

How do the fascia on the parts of the foot differ

A

dorsum of the foot is thin and unspecialized

Plantar fascia is extremely tough and thick

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7
Q

What is the name for the extremely tough specialization of plantar fascia

A

Plantar aponeurosis

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8
Q

What does the plantar aponeurosis attach to

A

calcaneus and bases of proximal phalanges

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9
Q

What extends out from the plantar aponeurosis

A

intermuscular speta

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10
Q

What do the intermuscular septa come from and do

A

from plantar aponeurosis (deep plantar fascia)
Divide foot into medial, central and lateral compartments

MAY SERVE TO PREVENT SPREAD OF INFECTION

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11
Q

What are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

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12
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

Origin:
Calcaneus

Insertion:
Tendons of extensor digitorum longus (extensor expansions) to digits 2,3,4

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13
Q

What is the action of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

Extends digits 2, 3, and 4

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

A

Origin:
Medial portion of the extensor digitorum brevis

Insertion:
base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

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16
Q

What is the action of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

A

Extends the hallux

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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18
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the superficial layer of the plantar foot

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Adbuctor hallucis muscle?

A

Origin:
Calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of the big toe

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20
Q

What is the action of the Abductor hallucis muscle?

A

abducts and flexes big toe

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the Abductor hallucis muscle?

A

Medial plantar nerve

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22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

Origin:
Calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion:
Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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23
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

flexes digits 2-5

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

medial plantar nerve

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25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Abductor digiti minimi muscle?

A

Origin:
Calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion:
proximal phalanx of digit 5

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26
Q

What is the action of the Abductor digiti minimi muscle?

A

abducts and flexes little toe

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27
Q

What is the innervation of the Abductor digiti minimi muscle?

A

lateral plantar nerve

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28
Q

What makes up the second layer of the plantar foot (4 {7})

A

tendons of flexor hallucis longus
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Quaddratus plantae
Lumbricals (4)

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29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Quadratus plantae muscle?

A

Origin:
Calcaneus

Insertion:
lateral margin of flexor digitorum longus tendon

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30
Q

What is the action of the Quadratus plantae muscle?

A

assists the long flexor in flexion of digits 2-5

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31
Q

What is the innervation of the Quadratus plantae muscle?

A

lateral plantar nerve

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32
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the Lumbrical muscles?

A

Origin:
tendons of the flexor digitorum longus

Insertion:
extensor expansions of digits 2-5

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33
Q

What are the actions of the Lumbrical muscles?

A

Flex metatarsophalangeal joints
extend middle and distal interphalangeal joints
of digits 2-5

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34
Q

What is the innervation of the Lumbrical muscles?

A

Medial plantar nerve: for most medial lumbrical (on 2nd digit)

Lateral plantar nerve: for other 3 lumbricals

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35
Q

What composes third layer of the plantar foot (3)

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi

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36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

A

Origin:
Cuboid
lateral cuneiform

Insertion:
both sides of proximal phalanx of digit 1 (hallux)

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37
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

A

flexes the big toe

38
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

A

medial plantar nerve

39
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Adductor Hallucis muscle?

A

Origin: (2 heads of origin)
Oblique: bases of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

Transverse: plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments

Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of the big toe

40
Q

What is the action of the Adductor Hallucis muscle?

A

adducts the big toe

41
Q

What is the innervation of the Adductor Hallucis muscle?

A

lateral plantar nerve

42
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Digiti Minimi muscle?

A

Origin:
5th metatarsal bone

Insertion:
proximal phalanx of digit 5

43
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Digiti Minimi muscle?

A

flexes little toe

44
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Digiti Minimi muscle?

A

lateral plantar nerve

45
Q

What composes the 4th layer of the plantar foot (4{9})

A 
Plantar interossei (3)
Dorsal interossei (4)
tendon of tibialis posterior
tendon of fibularis longus
46
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Plantar interossei muscles?

A

Origin:
medial sides of the 3rd 4th and 5th metatarsal bones

Insertion:
proximal phalanges of the 3rd 4th and 5th digits

47
Q

What is the action of the Plantar interossei muscles?

A

adduct the 3rd 4th and 5th toes towards the long axis of the second toe

PAD (P-lantar AD-duct)

weak flexors of metatarsophalangeal joints

48
Q

What is the innervation of the Plantar interossei muscles?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

49
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Dorsal interossei muscles?

A

Origin:
adjacent sides of 2 metatarsal bones

Insertion:
proximal phalanges of digits 2-4

50
Q

What is the action of the Dorsal interossei muscles?

A

abduct the 2nd 3rd and 4th toes away from the long axis of the second toe

DAB (D-orsal AB-duct)

weak flexors of metatarsophalangeal joints

51
Q

What is the innervation of the Dorsal interossei muscles?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

52
Q

What innervates the muscles of the dorsum of the foot

A

deep fibular nerve

53
Q

What is the primary function of the plantar muscles

A

As a group maintain the arches of the foot

54
Q

What is the common origin for the muscles of the superficial layer of the plantar foot

A

calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

55
Q

Which muscle in the foot has no equivalent in the hand

A

Quadratus plantae

56
Q

What is the main function of the muscles of the third layer of the plantar foot

A

short muscles of the big and little toes

57
Q

What is found in the flexor hallucis brevis tendon at each insertion point

A

sesamoid bone

58
Q

What supplies most of the cutaneous innervation to the dorsum of the foot and where does it come from

A

Superficial fibular nerve

Continuing from lateral compartment of the leg

59
Q

What cutaneous portion does the deep fibular nerve supply and where does the nerve come from

A

supplies adjacent sides of 1st and second toes

continues from anterior compartment of leg

60
Q

What supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the foot

A

Sural nerve

61
Q

What supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial side of the foot

A

saphenous nerve

62
Q

What provides most of the cutaneous innervation to the plantar surface of the foot

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

63
Q

What does the medial plantar nerve supply cutaneously

A

medial 3 1/2 toes and sole proximal to them

similar to median nerve in hand

64
Q

What does the lateral plantar nerve supply cutaneously

A

lateral 1 1/2 toes and adjacent proximal sole

similar to ulnar nerve

65
Q

What would the lateral plantar nerve be analagous to in the hand

A

ulnar nerve

66
Q

What would the medial plantar nerve be analagous to in the hand

A

Median nerve

67
Q

What supplies the cutaneous innervation to most of the heel and what do they branch from

A

Medial calcaneal branches

From tibial nerve

68
Q

When does the tibial nerve divide and into what?

A

divides deep to the flexor retinaculum

into medial and lateral plantar nerves

69
Q

Where d the medial and and lateral plantar nerves pass as they enter the plantar surface of the foot

A

deep to abductor hallucis

70
Q

What muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate? (4)

A

abductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digitorum brevis
1st lumbrical

71
Q

What muscles does the Lateral plantar nerve innervate? (6)

A 
Interossei
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi
2nd 3rd and 4th lumbricals
Abductor digiti minimi
Quadratus plantae
72
Q

What spinal cord segments of the tibial nerve are not represented on the plantar surface of the foot

A

S2 and S3

73
Q

What dermatome area does L4 supply on the plantar surface of the foot

A

medial side of big toe

74
Q

What dermatome area does L5 supply on the plantar surface of the foot

A

lateral big toe

2nd 3rd and 4th toes

75
Q

What dermatome area does S1 supply on the plantar surface of the foot

A

little toe

76
Q

what is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery distal to the ankle joint

A

dorsalis pedis artery

77
Q

What does the dorsalis pedis artery supply

A

dorsum of the foot

78
Q

What does the dorsalis pedis artery give off and where

A

Deep plantar artery

between the heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle

79
Q

What does the deep plantar artery do?

A

passes between the heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle to participate in formation of plantar arch

80
Q

Where does the posterior tibial artery divide and into what?

A

divides deep to flexor retinaculum

into medial and lateral plantar arteries

81
Q

Where do the medial and lateral plantar arteries go as they enter the plantar surface of the foot

A

Pass deep to abductor hallucis longus

With the corresponding nerves

82
Q

What does the medial plantar artery provide

A

primarily muscles of the big toe

83
Q

Where does the lateral plantar artery pass once in the plantar foot and what does it do afterwards

A

passes deep to flexor digitorum brevis

arches medially to form deep plantar arch with deep plantar artery branch of dorsalis pedis

84
Q

What makes up the deep plantar arch

A

Lateral plantar arch

Deep plantar artery branch of dorsalis pedis

85
Q

What does the deep plantar arch branch into

A

Metatarsal arteries
perforating arteries
Digital arteries

86
Q

Where do the perforating arteries of the deep plantar arch pass

A

pass to the posterior surface between the bases of the metatarsals

87
Q

Where are the superficial veins of the plantar foot and where do they drain

A

There are no superficial veins on the plantar foot

88
Q

Where do the deep veins of the plantar foot drain

A

Drain to the dorsum of the foot

89
Q

Where does the dorsal venous arch drain medially, and where does that vein pass as it leaves the foot

A

Great Saphenous Vein

Passes anterior to the medial malleolus

90
Q

Where does the dorsal venous arch drain laterally, and where does that vein pass as it leaves the foot

A

Small Saphenous Vein

Passes posterior to the lateral malleolus

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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