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Anatomy Block 4 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the ankle

A

the tarsus

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2
Q

What 7 bones compose the ankle

A 
Clacaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial
Intermediate
Lateral
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3
Q

What do the cuboid and cuneiform bones articulate with

A

the 5 metatarsals

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4
Q

What do the the metatarsals articulate with

A

phalanges (bones of the toes)

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5
Q

How many phalanges does each digit have

A

hallux: 2 (proximal distal)

digits 2-5: 3 (proximal middle distal)

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6
Q

How do the fascia on the parts of the foot differ

A

dorsum of the foot is thin and unspecialized

Plantar fascia is extremely tough and thick

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7
Q

What is the name for the extremely tough specialization of plantar fascia

A

Plantar aponeurosis

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8
Q

What does the plantar aponeurosis attach to

A

calcaneus and bases of proximal phalanges

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9
Q

What extends out from the plantar aponeurosis

A

intermuscular speta

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10
Q

What do the intermuscular septa come from and do

A

from plantar aponeurosis (deep plantar fascia)
Divide foot into medial, central and lateral compartments

MAY SERVE TO PREVENT SPREAD OF INFECTION

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11
Q

What are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

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12
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

Origin:
Calcaneus

Insertion:
Tendons of extensor digitorum longus (extensor expansions) to digits 2,3,4

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13
Q

What is the action of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

Extends digits 2, 3, and 4

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

A

Origin:
Medial portion of the extensor digitorum brevis

Insertion:
base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

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16
Q

What is the action of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

A

Extends the hallux

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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18
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the superficial layer of the plantar foot

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Adbuctor hallucis muscle?

A

Origin:
Calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of the big toe

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20
Q

What is the action of the Abductor hallucis muscle?

A

abducts and flexes big toe

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the Abductor hallucis muscle?

A

Medial plantar nerve

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22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

Origin:
Calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion:
Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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23
Q

What is the action of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

flexes digits 2-5

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

A

medial plantar nerve

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25
What is the origin and insertion of the Abductor digiti minimi muscle?
Origin: Calcaneus Plantar aponeurosis Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 5
26
What is the action of the Abductor digiti minimi muscle?
abducts and flexes little toe
27
What is the innervation of the Abductor digiti minimi muscle?
lateral plantar nerve
28
What makes up the second layer of the plantar foot (4 {7})
tendons of flexor hallucis longus tendons of flexor digitorum longus Quaddratus plantae Lumbricals (4)
29
What is the origin and insertion of the Quadratus plantae muscle?
Origin: Calcaneus Insertion: lateral margin of flexor digitorum longus tendon
30
What is the action of the Quadratus plantae muscle?
assists the long flexor in flexion of digits 2-5
31
What is the innervation of the Quadratus plantae muscle?
lateral plantar nerve
32
What are the origins and insertions of the Lumbrical muscles?
Origin: tendons of the flexor digitorum longus Insertion: extensor expansions of digits 2-5
33
What are the actions of the Lumbrical muscles?
Flex metatarsophalangeal joints extend middle and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
34
What is the innervation of the Lumbrical muscles?
Medial plantar nerve: for most medial lumbrical (on 2nd digit) Lateral plantar nerve: for other 3 lumbricals
35
What composes third layer of the plantar foot (3)
Flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digiti minimi
36
What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis muscle?
Origin: Cuboid lateral cuneiform Insertion: both sides of proximal phalanx of digit 1 (hallux)
37
What is the action of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis muscle?
flexes the big toe
38
What is the innervation of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis muscle?
medial plantar nerve
39
What is the origin and insertion of the Adductor Hallucis muscle?
Origin: (2 heads of origin) Oblique: bases of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals Transverse: plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments Insertion: Proximal phalanx of the big toe
40
What is the action of the Adductor Hallucis muscle?
adducts the big toe
41
What is the innervation of the Adductor Hallucis muscle?
lateral plantar nerve
42
What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Digiti Minimi muscle?
Origin: 5th metatarsal bone Insertion: proximal phalanx of digit 5
43
What is the action of the Flexor Digiti Minimi muscle?
flexes little toe
44
What is the innervation of the Flexor Digiti Minimi muscle?
lateral plantar nerve
45
What composes the 4th layer of the plantar foot (4{9})
``` Plantar interossei (3) Dorsal interossei (4) tendon of tibialis posterior tendon of fibularis longus ```
46
What is the origin and insertion of the Plantar interossei muscles?
Origin: medial sides of the 3rd 4th and 5th metatarsal bones Insertion: proximal phalanges of the 3rd 4th and 5th digits
47
What is the action of the Plantar interossei muscles?
adduct the 3rd 4th and 5th toes towards the long axis of the second toe PAD (P-lantar AD-duct) weak flexors of metatarsophalangeal joints
48
What is the innervation of the Plantar interossei muscles?
Lateral plantar nerve
49
What is the origin and insertion of the Dorsal interossei muscles?
Origin: adjacent sides of 2 metatarsal bones Insertion: proximal phalanges of digits 2-4
50
What is the action of the Dorsal interossei muscles?
abduct the 2nd 3rd and 4th toes away from the long axis of the second toe DAB (D-orsal AB-duct) weak flexors of metatarsophalangeal joints
51
What is the innervation of the Dorsal interossei muscles?
Lateral plantar nerve
52
What innervates the muscles of the dorsum of the foot
deep fibular nerve
53
What is the primary function of the plantar muscles
As a group maintain the arches of the foot
54
What is the common origin for the muscles of the superficial layer of the plantar foot
calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
55
Which muscle in the foot has no equivalent in the hand
Quadratus plantae
56
What is the main function of the muscles of the third layer of the plantar foot
short muscles of the big and little toes
57
What is found in the flexor hallucis brevis tendon at each insertion point
sesamoid bone
58
What supplies most of the cutaneous innervation to the dorsum of the foot and where does it come from
Superficial fibular nerve Continuing from lateral compartment of the leg
59
What cutaneous portion does the deep fibular nerve supply and where does the nerve come from
supplies adjacent sides of 1st and second toes continues from anterior compartment of leg
60
What supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral side of the foot
Sural nerve
61
What supplies cutaneous innervation to the medial side of the foot
saphenous nerve
62
What provides most of the cutaneous innervation to the plantar surface of the foot
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
63
What does the medial plantar nerve supply cutaneously
medial 3 1/2 toes and sole proximal to them | similar to median nerve in hand
64
What does the lateral plantar nerve supply cutaneously
lateral 1 1/2 toes and adjacent proximal sole | similar to ulnar nerve
65
What would the lateral plantar nerve be analagous to in the hand
ulnar nerve
66
What would the medial plantar nerve be analagous to in the hand
Median nerve
67
What supplies the cutaneous innervation to most of the heel and what do they branch from
Medial calcaneal branches From tibial nerve
68
When does the tibial nerve divide and into what?
divides deep to the flexor retinaculum into medial and lateral plantar nerves
69
Where d the medial and and lateral plantar nerves pass as they enter the plantar surface of the foot
deep to abductor hallucis
70
What muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate? (4)
abductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis flexor digitorum brevis 1st lumbrical
71
What muscles does the Lateral plantar nerve innervate? (6)
``` Interossei Adductor Hallucis Flexor digiti minimi 2nd 3rd and 4th lumbricals Abductor digiti minimi Quadratus plantae ```
72
What spinal cord segments of the tibial nerve are not represented on the plantar surface of the foot
S2 and S3
73
What dermatome area does L4 supply on the plantar surface of the foot
medial side of big toe
74
What dermatome area does L5 supply on the plantar surface of the foot
lateral big toe | 2nd 3rd and 4th toes
75
What dermatome area does S1 supply on the plantar surface of the foot
little toe
76
what is the continuation of the anterior tibial artery distal to the ankle joint
dorsalis pedis artery
77
What does the dorsalis pedis artery supply
dorsum of the foot
78
What does the dorsalis pedis artery give off and where
Deep plantar artery | between the heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle
79
What does the deep plantar artery do?
passes between the heads of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle to participate in formation of plantar arch
80
Where does the posterior tibial artery divide and into what?
divides deep to flexor retinaculum | into medial and lateral plantar arteries
81
Where do the medial and lateral plantar arteries go as they enter the plantar surface of the foot
Pass deep to abductor hallucis longus With the corresponding nerves
82
What does the medial plantar artery provide
primarily muscles of the big toe
83
Where does the lateral plantar artery pass once in the plantar foot and what does it do afterwards
passes deep to flexor digitorum brevis arches medially to form deep plantar arch with deep plantar artery branch of dorsalis pedis
84
What makes up the deep plantar arch
Lateral plantar arch | Deep plantar artery branch of dorsalis pedis
85
What does the deep plantar arch branch into
Metatarsal arteries perforating arteries Digital arteries
86
Where do the perforating arteries of the deep plantar arch pass
pass to the posterior surface between the bases of the metatarsals
87
Where are the superficial veins of the plantar foot and where do they drain
There are no superficial veins on the plantar foot
88
Where do the deep veins of the plantar foot drain
Drain to the dorsum of the foot
89
Where does the dorsal venous arch drain medially, and where does that vein pass as it leaves the foot
Great Saphenous Vein Passes anterior to the medial malleolus
90
Where does the dorsal venous arch drain laterally, and where does that vein pass as it leaves the foot
Small Saphenous Vein Passes posterior to the lateral malleolus

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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