Joints of Lower Limb

Question 1

What type of joint is the hip

Answer 1

Ball and socket

Question 2

What articulates with what at the hip joint

Answer 2

femoral head articulates with the cup shaped acetabulum

Question 3

What is the acetabular notch

Answer 3

the location inferiorly where the acetabulum is incomplete

Question 4

What crosses the acetabular notch

Answer 4

transverse acetabular ligament

Question 5

What is the role of the acetabular labrum

Answer 5

increases depth of acetabulum

Question 6

What is the acetabuluar labrum?

Answer 6

a ring of fibrocartilage

Question 7

What is the fibrous joint capsule/what is it attached to

Answer 7

strong thick fibrous sleeve attached around
Rim
laburm
transverse acetabular ligament

Question 8

What helps to strengthen the hip joint?

Answer 8

thickenings of the fibrous joint capsule called ligaments

Question 9

What are the 3 ligaments of the capsule that work to strengthen the hip

Answer 9

iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament

Question 10

Which ligament is also associtated with the hip joint but has unknown function

Answer 10

ligament of the head of the femur

Question 11

What is the shape of the iliofemoral ligament and where is it attached

Answer 11

y shaped

stem attached to: AIIS
two limbs attached to: intertrochanteric line

Question 12

What is the shape of the pubofemoral ligament and where is it attached

Answer 12

triangluar in shape

attached to: superior pubic ramus and inferior part of intertrochanteric line

Question 13

What is the shape of the ischiofemoral ligament and where is it attached

Answer 13

spiral shaped

attached to: ischial body and greater trochanter

Question 14

What is the function of the 3 ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 14

prevent hyperextension

Question 15

Which ligament of the hip joint has an additional function and what is that function

Answer 15

Pubofemoral ligament

Prevents overabduction of hip joint

Question 16

What supplies the blood to the hip joint

Answer 16

cruciate anastomosis
(1st perforating, medial and lateral femoral circumflex, and inferior gluteal)

Mainly medial and lateral femoral circumflex

Question 17

How is the major blood supply source for the femoral head supplied

Answer 17

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex branches penetrate fibrous capsule and enter the neck of the femur

Question 18

What supplies the major blood supply to the femoral head

Answer 18

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex branches

Question 19

What artery assists in providing small variable portions of the femoral head

Answer 19

Inconstant branch of obturator artery that travels with the ligament of the head

Question 20

What type of joint is the knee and what articulates to form it

Answer 20

Hinge type of synovial joint

articulations of the femur with the tibia and patella

Question 21

What ligaments are withing the fibrous capsule of the knee joint

Answer 21

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Patellar ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament

FAT POP

Question 22

What is the shape and the attachments of the Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

Answer 22

Chord like shape

Attachments:
Lateral condyle of the femur
Head of the fibula

Question 23

What is the shape and the attachments of the Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Answer 23

Broad flat band

Attachments:
Medial condyle of the femur
Medial surface of the tibial shaft

Question 24

What is the patellar ligament a continuation of and what does it contain

Answer 24

continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon

contains the patella

Question 25

What is the oblique popliteal ligament and what does it do

Answer 25

a lateral expansion of the semimembranosus tendon strengthens the posterior aspect of the knee capsule

Question 26

What are the tibial plateaus

Answer 26

the articular areas on the tibial condyles

Question 27

What serves to deepen the articular areas of the tibia

Answer 27

c shaped fibrocartilage menisci attached on each tibial condyle

Question 28

What is the medial meniscus attached to

Answer 28

tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Question 29

Why is the lateral meniscus not attached to the fibular lateral collateral ligament

Answer 29

the tendon of the popliteus muscle seperates them

Question 30

What are the 2 roles of the menisci of the knee joint

Answer 30

deepen articular surface | Serve as cushions between tibia and femur

Question 31

Why are the ACL and PCL called cruciate

Answer 31

because they cross eachother in the joint capsule

Question 32

How does the anterior cruciate ligament attach

Answer 32

anterior surface of the intracondylar region of tibia runs posteriorly to attach to the posteromedial surface of the lateral femoral condyle

Question 33

When is the anterior cruciate ligament tensed

Answer 33

during knee extension

Question 34

What is the role of the anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 34

tenses during knee extension prevents hyperextension Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

Question 35

How does the posterior cruciate ligament attach

Answer 35

posterior surface of the intracondylar region of the tibia runs anteriorly to attach to anterolateral surface of medial femoral condyle

Question 36

When is the posterior cruciate ligament tensed

Answer 36

During knee flexion

Question 37

What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 37

tenses during knee flexion | Prevents posterior displacement of tibia on the femur

Question 38

What type of joint is the ankle and what articulates to form it

Answer 38

Hinge type synovial formed by articulations of - the talus with - the lateral malleolus of the fibula - medial malleolus of the tibia - and distal end of the tibia

Question 39

What is the movement assciated with the ankle joint

Answer 39

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion ONLY

Question 40

What supports the fibrous capsule of the ankle on both sides

Answer 40

strong collateral ligaments

Question 41

What are the medial ligaments associated with the ankle called

Answer 41

(these ligaments are thick) | called deltoid ligament

Question 42

What are the ligaments which make up the deltoid ligament (4)

Answer 42

tibiotalar tibionavicular tibiocalcaneal posterior tibiotalar

Question 43

What does the collective deltoid ligament do

Answer 43

effectively resist eversion of the foot

Question 44

What are the lateral ligaments associated with the ankle called and how do they differ from the medial ligaments

Answer 44

anterior talofibular posterior talofibular Calcaneofibular They are not connected to eachother

Question 45

What do the lateral ligaments associated with the ankle do

Answer 45

resist inversion of the foot

Question 46

Which set of ligaments on the ankle are stronger, medial or lateral

Answer 46

medial (thicker)

Question 47

What do the angles of articualtion of the foot bones form

Answer 47

transverse and longitudinal arches

Question 48

What maintains the transverse and longitudinal arches

Answer 48

Maintained passively by ligaments Maintained dynamically by long tendons and intrinsic foot musculature

Question 49

What is the significance of the longitudinal arch

Answer 49

transmits body weight to the posterior calcaneous and heads of the metatarsal bones

Question 50

What is the significance of the transverse arch

Answer 50

has little significance

Question 51

How does the longitudinal arch differ on the medial and lateral aspects of the foot

Answer 51

arch is greater on the medial side

Question 52

What holds the tarsal bones in proper alignment

Answer 52

arrangement of their articular facets and 3 sets of tarsal ligaments (dorsal, interosseous, and plantar)

Question 53

What are the 3 sets of tarsal ligaments and what is their role

Answer 53

Dorsal Interosseous Plantar Help hold tarsal bones in proper allignment w/ help of arrangement of their articular facets

Question 54

What are the 2 named plantar ligaments and their roles

Answer 54

Calcaneonavicular ("spring") ligament Long plantar ligament important in maintaining longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 55

Which joints are largely responsible for eversion and inversion of the foot

Answer 55

Subtalar | Transverse tarsal

Question 56

What does the subtalar joint do

Answer 56

provides movement of the talus on the calcaneus

Question 57

What articulations make up the transverse tarsal joint and what does it do

Answer 57

articulation of talus and navicular and articulation of calcaneus and cuboid creates continuous transverse joint at midpoint of foot