Joints of Lower Limb Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip
Ball and socket
What articulates with what at the hip joint
femoral head articulates with the cup shaped acetabulum
What is the acetabular notch
the location inferiorly where the acetabulum is incomplete
What crosses the acetabular notch
transverse acetabular ligament
What is the role of the acetabular labrum
increases depth of acetabulum
What is the acetabuluar labrum?
a ring of fibrocartilage
What is the fibrous joint capsule/what is it attached to
strong thick fibrous sleeve attached around
Rim
laburm
transverse acetabular ligament
What helps to strengthen the hip joint?
thickenings of the fibrous joint capsule called ligaments
What are the 3 ligaments of the capsule that work to strengthen the hip
iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
Which ligament is also associtated with the hip joint but has unknown function
ligament of the head of the femur
What is the shape of the iliofemoral ligament and where is it attached
y shaped
stem attached to: AIIS
two limbs attached to: intertrochanteric line
What is the shape of the pubofemoral ligament and where is it attached
triangluar in shape
attached to: superior pubic ramus and inferior part of intertrochanteric line
What is the shape of the ischiofemoral ligament and where is it attached
spiral shaped
attached to: ischial body and greater trochanter
What is the function of the 3 ligaments of the hip joint
prevent hyperextension
Which ligament of the hip joint has an additional function and what is that function
Pubofemoral ligament
Prevents overabduction of hip joint
What supplies the blood to the hip joint
cruciate anastomosis
(1st perforating, medial and lateral femoral circumflex, and inferior gluteal)
Mainly medial and lateral femoral circumflex
How is the major blood supply source for the femoral head supplied
Medial and lateral femoral circumflex branches penetrate fibrous capsule and enter the neck of the femur
What supplies the major blood supply to the femoral head
Medial and lateral femoral circumflex branches
What artery assists in providing small variable portions of the femoral head
Inconstant branch of obturator artery that travels with the ligament of the head
What type of joint is the knee and what articulates to form it
Hinge type of synovial joint
articulations of the femur with the tibia and patella
What ligaments are withing the fibrous capsule of the knee joint
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament Tibial (medial) collateral ligament Patellar ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament
FAT POP
What is the shape and the attachments of the Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Chord like shape
Attachments:
Lateral condyle of the femur
Head of the fibula
What is the shape and the attachments of the Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Broad flat band
Attachments:
Medial condyle of the femur
Medial surface of the tibial shaft
What is the patellar ligament a continuation of and what does it contain
continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon
contains the patella
What is the oblique popliteal ligament and what does it do
a lateral expansion of the semimembranosus tendon
strengthens the posterior aspect of the knee capsule
What are the tibial plateaus
the articular areas on the tibial condyles
What serves to deepen the articular areas of the tibia
c shaped fibrocartilage menisci attached on each tibial condyle
What is the medial meniscus attached to
tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Why is the lateral meniscus not attached to the fibular lateral collateral ligament
the tendon of the popliteus muscle seperates them
What are the 2 roles of the menisci of the knee joint
deepen articular surface
Serve as cushions between tibia and femur
Why are the ACL and PCL called cruciate
because they cross eachother in the joint capsule
How does the anterior cruciate ligament attach
anterior surface of the intracondylar region of tibia
runs posteriorly to attach to the posteromedial surface of the lateral femoral condyle
When is the anterior cruciate ligament tensed
during knee extension
What is the role of the anterior cruciate ligament
tenses during knee extension
prevents hyperextension
Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
How does the posterior cruciate ligament attach
posterior surface of the intracondylar region of the tibia
runs anteriorly to attach to anterolateral surface of medial femoral condyle
When is the posterior cruciate ligament tensed
During knee flexion
What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament
tenses during knee flexion
Prevents posterior displacement of tibia on the femur
What type of joint is the ankle and what articulates to form it
Hinge type synovial
formed by articulations of
- the talus with
- the lateral malleolus of the fibula
- medial malleolus of the tibia
- and distal end of the tibia
What is the movement assciated with the ankle joint
Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion ONLY
What supports the fibrous capsule of the ankle on both sides
strong collateral ligaments
What are the medial ligaments associated with the ankle called
(these ligaments are thick)
called deltoid ligament
What are the ligaments which make up the deltoid ligament (4)
tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar
What does the collective deltoid ligament do
effectively resist eversion of the foot
What are the lateral ligaments associated with the ankle called and how do they differ from the medial ligaments
anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
They are not connected to eachother
What do the lateral ligaments associated with the ankle do
resist inversion of the foot
Which set of ligaments on the ankle are stronger, medial or lateral
medial (thicker)
What do the angles of articualtion of the foot bones form
transverse and longitudinal arches
What maintains the transverse and longitudinal arches
Maintained passively by ligaments
Maintained dynamically by long tendons and intrinsic foot musculature
What is the significance of the longitudinal arch
transmits body weight to the posterior calcaneous and heads of the metatarsal bones
What is the significance of the transverse arch
has little significance
How does the longitudinal arch differ on the medial and lateral aspects of the foot
arch is greater on the medial side
What holds the tarsal bones in proper alignment
arrangement of their articular facets
and 3 sets of tarsal ligaments
(dorsal, interosseous, and plantar)
What are the 3 sets of tarsal ligaments and what is their role
Dorsal
Interosseous
Plantar
Help hold tarsal bones in proper allignment w/ help of arrangement of their articular facets
What are the 2 named plantar ligaments and their roles
Calcaneonavicular (“spring”) ligament
Long plantar ligament
important in maintaining longitudinal arch of the foot
Which joints are largely responsible for eversion and inversion of the foot
Subtalar
Transverse tarsal
What does the subtalar joint do
provides movement of the talus on the calcaneus
What articulations make up the transverse tarsal joint and what does it do
articulation of talus and navicular
and
articulation of calcaneus and cuboid
creates continuous transverse joint at midpoint of foot
