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Anatomy Block 4 > Joints of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Joints of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip

A

Ball and socket

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2
Q

What articulates with what at the hip joint

A

femoral head articulates with the cup shaped acetabulum

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3
Q

What is the acetabular notch

A

the location inferiorly where the acetabulum is incomplete

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4
Q

What crosses the acetabular notch

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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5
Q

What is the role of the acetabular labrum

A

increases depth of acetabulum

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6
Q

What is the acetabuluar labrum?

A

a ring of fibrocartilage

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7
Q

What is the fibrous joint capsule/what is it attached to

A

strong thick fibrous sleeve attached around
Rim
laburm
transverse acetabular ligament

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8
Q

What helps to strengthen the hip joint?

A

thickenings of the fibrous joint capsule called ligaments

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9
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the capsule that work to strengthen the hip

A

iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament

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10
Q

Which ligament is also associtated with the hip joint but has unknown function

A

ligament of the head of the femur

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11
Q

What is the shape of the iliofemoral ligament and where is it attached

A

y shaped

stem attached to: AIIS
two limbs attached to: intertrochanteric line

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12
Q

What is the shape of the pubofemoral ligament and where is it attached

A

triangluar in shape

attached to: superior pubic ramus and inferior part of intertrochanteric line

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13
Q

What is the shape of the ischiofemoral ligament and where is it attached

A

spiral shaped

attached to: ischial body and greater trochanter

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14
Q

What is the function of the 3 ligaments of the hip joint

A

prevent hyperextension

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15
Q

Which ligament of the hip joint has an additional function and what is that function

A

Pubofemoral ligament

Prevents overabduction of hip joint

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16
Q

What supplies the blood to the hip joint

A

cruciate anastomosis
(1st perforating, medial and lateral femoral circumflex, and inferior gluteal)

Mainly medial and lateral femoral circumflex

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17
Q

How is the major blood supply source for the femoral head supplied

A

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex branches penetrate fibrous capsule and enter the neck of the femur

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18
Q

What supplies the major blood supply to the femoral head

A

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex branches

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19
Q

What artery assists in providing small variable portions of the femoral head

A

Inconstant branch of obturator artery that travels with the ligament of the head

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20
Q

What type of joint is the knee and what articulates to form it

A

Hinge type of synovial joint

articulations of the femur with the tibia and patella

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21
Q

What ligaments are withing the fibrous capsule of the knee joint

A 
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Patellar ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament

FAT POP

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22
Q

What is the shape and the attachments of the Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

A

Chord like shape

Attachments:
Lateral condyle of the femur
Head of the fibula

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23
Q

What is the shape and the attachments of the Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

A

Broad flat band

Attachments:
Medial condyle of the femur
Medial surface of the tibial shaft

24
Q

What is the patellar ligament a continuation of and what does it contain

A

continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon

contains the patella

25
Q

What is the oblique popliteal ligament and what does it do

A

a lateral expansion of the semimembranosus tendon

strengthens the posterior aspect of the knee capsule

26
Q

What are the tibial plateaus

A

the articular areas on the tibial condyles

27
Q

What serves to deepen the articular areas of the tibia

A

c shaped fibrocartilage menisci attached on each tibial condyle

28
Q

What is the medial meniscus attached to

A

tibial (medial) collateral ligament

29
Q

Why is the lateral meniscus not attached to the fibular lateral collateral ligament

A

the tendon of the popliteus muscle seperates them

30
Q

What are the 2 roles of the menisci of the knee joint

A

deepen articular surface

Serve as cushions between tibia and femur

31
Q

Why are the ACL and PCL called cruciate

A

because they cross eachother in the joint capsule

32
Q

How does the anterior cruciate ligament attach

A

anterior surface of the intracondylar region of tibia

runs posteriorly to attach to the posteromedial surface of the lateral femoral condyle

33
Q

When is the anterior cruciate ligament tensed

A

during knee extension

34
Q

What is the role of the anterior cruciate ligament

A

tenses during knee extension
prevents hyperextension
Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

35
Q

How does the posterior cruciate ligament attach

A

posterior surface of the intracondylar region of the tibia

runs anteriorly to attach to anterolateral surface of medial femoral condyle

36
Q

When is the posterior cruciate ligament tensed

A

During knee flexion

37
Q

What is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament

A

tenses during knee flexion

Prevents posterior displacement of tibia on the femur

38
Q

What type of joint is the ankle and what articulates to form it

A

Hinge type synovial

formed by articulations of

  • the talus with
  • the lateral malleolus of the fibula
  • medial malleolus of the tibia
  • and distal end of the tibia
39
Q

What is the movement assciated with the ankle joint

A

Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion ONLY

40
Q

What supports the fibrous capsule of the ankle on both sides

A

strong collateral ligaments

41
Q

What are the medial ligaments associated with the ankle called

A

(these ligaments are thick)

called deltoid ligament

42
Q

What are the ligaments which make up the deltoid ligament (4)

A

tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar

43
Q

What does the collective deltoid ligament do

A

effectively resist eversion of the foot

44
Q

What are the lateral ligaments associated with the ankle called and how do they differ from the medial ligaments

A

anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

They are not connected to eachother

45
Q

What do the lateral ligaments associated with the ankle do

A

resist inversion of the foot

46
Q

Which set of ligaments on the ankle are stronger, medial or lateral

A

medial (thicker)

47
Q

What do the angles of articualtion of the foot bones form

A

transverse and longitudinal arches

48
Q

What maintains the transverse and longitudinal arches

A

Maintained passively by ligaments

Maintained dynamically by long tendons and intrinsic foot musculature

49
Q

What is the significance of the longitudinal arch

A

transmits body weight to the posterior calcaneous and heads of the metatarsal bones

50
Q

What is the significance of the transverse arch

A

has little significance

51
Q

How does the longitudinal arch differ on the medial and lateral aspects of the foot

A

arch is greater on the medial side

52
Q

What holds the tarsal bones in proper alignment

A

arrangement of their articular facets
and 3 sets of tarsal ligaments
(dorsal, interosseous, and plantar)

53
Q

What are the 3 sets of tarsal ligaments and what is their role

A

Dorsal
Interosseous
Plantar

Help hold tarsal bones in proper allignment w/ help of arrangement of their articular facets

54
Q

What are the 2 named plantar ligaments and their roles

A

Calcaneonavicular (“spring”) ligament
Long plantar ligament

important in maintaining longitudinal arch of the foot

55
Q

Which joints are largely responsible for eversion and inversion of the foot

A

Subtalar

Transverse tarsal

56
Q

What does the subtalar joint do

A

provides movement of the talus on the calcaneus

57
Q

What articulations make up the transverse tarsal joint and what does it do

A

articulation of talus and navicular
and
articulation of calcaneus and cuboid

creates continuous transverse joint at midpoint of foot

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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