Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards
What is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?
Origin:
- Iliac Crest
- Sacrum
- Sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion:
- Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
- Ileotibial tract
What is the action of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?
- The major extensor of the thigh
- Laterally rotates thigh
-Inferior fibers assist in adduction
What is the innervation of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
L5, S1, S2
What is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus Medius muscle?
Origin:
Ilium and Fascia of Overlying gluteus Maximus
Insertion:
Greater trochanter
What is the action of the Gluteus Medius muscle?
Abducts Thigh
Medially rotates thigh
What is the innervation of the Gluteus Medius muscle?
Superior gluteal nerve
L4, L5, S1
What is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus Minimus muscle?
Origin:
Ilium
Insertion:
Greater trochanter
What is the action of the Gluteus Minimus muscle?
Abducts Thigh
Medially rotates thigh
What is the innervation of the Gluteus Minimus muscle?
Superior gluteal nerve
L4, L5, S1
What is the origin and insertion of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?
Origin:
ASIS
Anterior part of iliac crest
Insertion:
Iliotibial tract
What is the action of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?
Abducts thigh
Flexes the thigh
Medially rotates thigh
What is the innervation of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?
Superior gluteal nerve
L4, L5, S1
What is the origin and insertion of the Piriformis muscle?
Origin:
Anterior surfaces of sacral vertebrae
Insertion:
Goes through Greater sciatic foramen to insert on greater trochanter
What is the action of the Piriformis muscle?
Lateral rotator of the thigh
What is the innervation of the Piriformis muscle?
Nerve to Piriformis
S1, S2
What is the origin and insertion of the Obturator internus muscle?
Origin:
Obturator membrane
Internal margins of obturator foramen
Insertion:
Goes through lesser sciatic foramen to insert on greater trochanter
What is the action of the Obturator internus muscle?
Lateral rotator of the thigh
What is the innervation of the Obturator internus muscle?
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
L5, S1, S2
What is the origin and insertion of the Superior Gemelli muscle?
Origin:
Ischial spine
Insertion:
With tendon of obturator internus on greater trochanter
What is the action of the Superior Gemelli muscle?
Lateral rotator of the thigh
What is the innervation of the Superior Gemelli muscle?
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
L5, S1, S2
What is the origin and insertion of the Inferior Gemelli muscle?
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
With tendon of obturator internus on greater trochanter
What is the action of the Inferior Gemelli muscle?
Lateral rotator of the thigh
What is the innervation of the Inferior Gemelli muscle?
Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
L4, L4, S1
What is the origin and insertion of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Intertrochanteric crest
What is the action of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?
Lateral rotator of the thigh
What is the innervation of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?
Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
L4, L4, S1
What is the origin and insertion of the Semitendinosus muscle?
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Medial surface of tibia distal to tuberosity
What is the action of the Semitendinosus muscle?
Extend the thigh
Flex the knee
(cant be performed fully at same time)
What is the innervation of the Semitendinosus muscle?
Tibial nerve
L4, L5, S1-S3
What is the origin and insertion of the Semimembranosus muscle?
Deep to Semitendinosus
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Medial condyle of tibia
What is the action of the Semimembranosus muscle?
Extend the thigh
Flex the knee
(cant be performed fully at same time)
What is the innervation of the Semimembranosus muscle?
Tibial nerve
L4, L5, S1-S3
What is the origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris Long Head muscle?
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
(Common tendon w/ biceps femoris short head) on head of the fibula
What is the action of the Biceps Femoris Long Head muscle?
Extend the thigh
Flex the knee
(cant be performed fully at same time)
What is the innervation of the Biceps Femoris Long Head muscle?
Tibial nerve
L4, L5, S1-S3
What is the origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris Short Head muscle?
Origin:
Shaft of the femur
Insertion:
(Common tendon w/ biceps femoris long head) on head of the fibula
What is the action of the Biceps Femoris Short Head muscle?
Can only Flex knee
What is the innervation of the Biceps Femoris Short Head muscle?
Common Fibular nerve
L4, L5, S1, S2
What muslce is often included with the hamstring muscles of the posterior thigh and why?
Vertically oriented Adductor magnus fibers
Supplied by tibial nerve and extend the thigh
What are the muscles are delineated as the hamstring muscles?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranousus
Biceps Femoris
(sometimes Vert fibers of adductor magnus)
By definition what makes a hamstring muscles?
What muscles violate this?
- arises from ischial tuberosity
- crosses knee joint
- supplied by tibial nerve
Short head: arises from femur shaft / innervated by common fibular
Adductor magnus: inserts on adductor tubercle of femur (doesnt cross knee joint)
What muscle action do hamstring muscles have?What is the restriction on this? And what muscles violate this?
Extend the thigh and flex the knee
(cant be done fully at same time)
Short head: can only flex knee
Adductor Magnus: can only extend thigh
What supplies the skin over the lateral gluteal region
Iliohypogastric
lateral femoral cutaneous nerves
What innervates the skin over the medial gluteal region
cluneal nerves
branches of posterior rami of lumar and sacral nerves
What innervates the skin over the inferior gluteal region and posterior thigh
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
What provides articular branches to the hip joint (5)
-Femoral
-Obturator
-Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
-Tibial
-Superior gluteal
FONTS
What nerves pass superior to the piriformis muscle
Superior gluteal
What nerves pass inferior to the piriformis muscle
-Sciatic
-Inferior gluteal
-Nerve to Obturator internus and superior gemellus
-Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and inferior gemellus
-Pudendal nerve
SNIPN
What is the path of the sciatic nerve
- Passes through gluteal region deep to gluteus maximus
- following path midway between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter
- continues to posterior thigh (where tibial supplies hamstring muscles)
What is unique about the sciatic nerves path through the gluteal region
it does not provide innervation to any of the structures found there
Branches of which artery supply the gluteal region
Internal iliac
Which arteries pass superior to piriformis
Superior gluteal
Which arteries pass inferior to piriformis
Inferior gluteal Internal pudendal (though continues with pudendal into lesser sciatic foramen/ischioanal fossa)
What does the superior gluteal artery supply
all of the gluteus muscles and tensor fasciae latae
What does the inferior gluteal artery supply (6)
Gluteus maximus Piriformis Obturator internus Quadratus femoris Gemelli muscles Superior parts of hamstring muscles
What arteries supply the posterior thigh
Perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery
What forms the cruciate anastomosis around the hip joint
- the first perforating artery from profunda femoris
- Medial femoral circumflex
- Lateral femoral circumflex
