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Anatomy Block 4 > Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?

A

Origin:

  • Iliac Crest
  • Sacrum
  • Sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion:

  • Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
  • Ileotibial tract
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2
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?

A
  • The major extensor of the thigh
  • Laterally rotates thigh

-Inferior fibers assist in adduction

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

L5, S1, S2

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4
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus Medius muscle?

A

Origin:
Ilium and Fascia of Overlying gluteus Maximus

Insertion:
Greater trochanter

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5
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Medius muscle?

A

Abducts Thigh

Medially rotates thigh

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Medius muscle?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

L4, L5, S1

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7
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus Minimus muscle?

A

Origin:
Ilium

Insertion:
Greater trochanter

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8
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Minimus muscle?

A

Abducts Thigh

Medially rotates thigh

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Minimus muscle?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

L4, L5, S1

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10
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?

A

Origin:
ASIS
Anterior part of iliac crest

Insertion:
Iliotibial tract

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11
Q

What is the action of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?

A

Abducts thigh
Flexes the thigh
Medially rotates thigh

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

L4, L5, S1

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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Piriformis muscle?

A

Origin:
Anterior surfaces of sacral vertebrae

Insertion:
Goes through Greater sciatic foramen to insert on greater trochanter

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14
Q

What is the action of the Piriformis muscle?

A

Lateral rotator of the thigh

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the Piriformis muscle?

A

Nerve to Piriformis

S1, S2

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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Obturator internus muscle?

A

Origin:
Obturator membrane
Internal margins of obturator foramen

Insertion:
Goes through lesser sciatic foramen to insert on greater trochanter

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17
Q

What is the action of the Obturator internus muscle?

A

Lateral rotator of the thigh

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the Obturator internus muscle?

A

Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

L5, S1, S2

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Superior Gemelli muscle?

A

Origin:
Ischial spine

Insertion:
With tendon of obturator internus on greater trochanter

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20
Q

What is the action of the Superior Gemelli muscle?

A

Lateral rotator of the thigh

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the Superior Gemelli muscle?

A

Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

L5, S1, S2

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22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Inferior Gemelli muscle?

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
With tendon of obturator internus on greater trochanter

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23
Q

What is the action of the Inferior Gemelli muscle?

A

Lateral rotator of the thigh

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the Inferior Gemelli muscle?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

L4, L4, S1

25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
Intertrochanteric crest

26
Q

What is the action of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?

A

Lateral rotator of the thigh

27
Q

What is the innervation of the Quadratus Femoris muscle?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

L4, L4, S1

28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Semitendinosus muscle?

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
Medial surface of tibia distal to tuberosity

29
Q

What is the action of the Semitendinosus muscle?

A

Extend the thigh
Flex the knee
(cant be performed fully at same time)

30
Q

What is the innervation of the Semitendinosus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4, L5, S1-S3

31
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Semimembranosus muscle?

A

Deep to Semitendinosus

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
Medial condyle of tibia

32
Q

What is the action of the Semimembranosus muscle?

A

Extend the thigh
Flex the knee
(cant be performed fully at same time)

33
Q

What is the innervation of the Semimembranosus muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4, L5, S1-S3

34
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris Long Head muscle?

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
(Common tendon w/ biceps femoris short head) on head of the fibula

35
Q

What is the action of the Biceps Femoris Long Head muscle?

A

Extend the thigh
Flex the knee
(cant be performed fully at same time)

36
Q

What is the innervation of the Biceps Femoris Long Head muscle?

A

Tibial nerve

L4, L5, S1-S3

37
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris Short Head muscle?

A

Origin:
Shaft of the femur

Insertion:
(Common tendon w/ biceps femoris long head) on head of the fibula

38
Q

What is the action of the Biceps Femoris Short Head muscle?

A

Can only Flex knee

39
Q

What is the innervation of the Biceps Femoris Short Head muscle?

A

Common Fibular nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2

40
Q

What muslce is often included with the hamstring muscles of the posterior thigh and why?

A

Vertically oriented Adductor magnus fibers

Supplied by tibial nerve and extend the thigh

41
Q

What are the muscles are delineated as the hamstring muscles?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranousus
Biceps Femoris
(sometimes Vert fibers of adductor magnus)

42
Q

By definition what makes a hamstring muscles?

What muscles violate this?

A
  • arises from ischial tuberosity
  • crosses knee joint
  • supplied by tibial nerve

Short head: arises from femur shaft / innervated by common fibular

Adductor magnus: inserts on adductor tubercle of femur (doesnt cross knee joint)

43
Q

What muscle action do hamstring muscles have?What is the restriction on this? And what muscles violate this?

A

Extend the thigh and flex the knee

(cant be done fully at same time)

Short head: can only flex knee

Adductor Magnus: can only extend thigh

44
Q

What supplies the skin over the lateral gluteal region

A

Iliohypogastric

lateral femoral cutaneous nerves

45
Q

What innervates the skin over the medial gluteal region

A

cluneal nerves

branches of posterior rami of lumar and sacral nerves

46
Q

What innervates the skin over the inferior gluteal region and posterior thigh

A

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

47
Q

What provides articular branches to the hip joint (5)

A

-Femoral
-Obturator
-Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
-Tibial
-Superior gluteal
FONTS

48
Q

What nerves pass superior to the piriformis muscle

A

Superior gluteal

49
Q

What nerves pass inferior to the piriformis muscle

A

-Sciatic
-Inferior gluteal
-Nerve to Obturator internus and superior gemellus
-Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and inferior gemellus
-Pudendal nerve
SNIPN

50
Q

What is the path of the sciatic nerve

A
  • Passes through gluteal region deep to gluteus maximus
  • following path midway between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter
  • continues to posterior thigh (where tibial supplies hamstring muscles)
51
Q

What is unique about the sciatic nerves path through the gluteal region

A

it does not provide innervation to any of the structures found there

52
Q

Branches of which artery supply the gluteal region

A

Internal iliac

53
Q

Which arteries pass superior to piriformis

A

Superior gluteal

54
Q

Which arteries pass inferior to piriformis

A 
Inferior gluteal
Internal pudendal (though continues with pudendal into lesser sciatic foramen/ischioanal fossa)
55
Q

What does the superior gluteal artery supply

A

all of the gluteus muscles and tensor fasciae latae

56
Q

What does the inferior gluteal artery supply (6)

A 
Gluteus maximus 
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris
Gemelli muscles
Superior parts of hamstring muscles
57
Q

What arteries supply the posterior thigh

A

Perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery

58
Q

What forms the cruciate anastomosis around the hip joint

A
  • the first perforating artery from profunda femoris
  • Medial femoral circumflex
  • Lateral femoral circumflex

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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