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Anatomy Block 4 > Male and Female Perineum > Flashcards

Male and Female Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the compostition of the scrotum

A

skin and superficial perinal fascia (colles fascia)

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2
Q

What is colles fascia a continuation of

A

superficial abdominal fascia into the urogenital area of perineum

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3
Q

What is present in fascia of the scrotum

A

its superficial perinal fascia and it contains the dartos muscle

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4
Q

When does the dartos muscle contract

A

In the influence of cold

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5
Q

Where is the root of the penis located

A

superficial perineal pouch

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6
Q

What is the penis composed of and what seperates them?

A

3 bodies of erectile tissue

2 Coprora cavernosa (with incomplete septum between)
Corpus spongiosum (tranversed by spongy urethra)
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7
Q

What is erectile tissue

A

Meshwork of interlacing and intercommunnicating vascular spaces

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8
Q

What happens to the corpus cavernosa posteriorly

A

They seperate and expand as crura

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9
Q

Where do the crura attach

A

Ischiopubic rami

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10
Q

What is the distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum

A

Glans Penis

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11
Q

How and where do the corpus cavernosum end

A

blunt terminations behind the glans penis

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12
Q

What happens to the corpus spongiosum posteriorly

A

enlarges as the bulb of the penis

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13
Q

What surrounds the erectile bodies of the penis individually

A

Tunica albuginea

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14
Q

What surrounds All the covernous bodies of the penis

A

Deep fascia of the penis (bucks fascia)

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15
Q

Where does the suspensory ligament of the penis attach

A

Deep fascia at the junction of the fixed and mobile parts

and the inferior part of the pubic arch

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16
Q

what surrounds the deep fascia around the penis

A

superficial perineal fascia and skin

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17
Q

What happens to the skin of the penis distally and what is it called?

A

prolonged and double layered as the prepuce (foreskin)

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18
Q

What does the prepuce cover in males

A

Glans penis

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19
Q

What is makes up most of the labia majora

A

fat and connective tissue

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20
Q

What is the mons pubis

A

rounded fatty eminence formed from the blending together of the labia majora anteriorly

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21
Q

What enters the labia majora anteriorly and what is it attached to

A

round ligaments

attach to skin

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22
Q

What are the labia majora homologous to in the male

A

Scrotum

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23
Q

What forms the prepuce of the clitoris

A

The superior portion of the anterior division of the labia minora

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24
Q

What forms the frenulum of the clitoris

A

the inferior portion of the anterior division of the labia minora

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25
Q

What are the labia minora homologous to in the male

A

ventral aspect of the penis

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26
Q

what is the name for the cleft between the labia minora

A

vestibule

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27
Q

what 4 things open into the vestibule of the vagina

A

Urethra
Vagina
paraurethral glands
greater vestibular glands

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28
Q

What are the paraurethral glands homologous to on the male

A

prostate

called skenes glands

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29
Q

What are the greater vestibular glands homologous to on the male

A

Bulbourethral glands

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30
Q

Where are the openings to the greater vestibular glands located

A

posterolateral to the vaginal orifice

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31
Q

What surrounds the vaginal orifice

A

incomplete fold called hymen

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32
Q

Where is the external urethral orifice on females

A

one inch posterior to clitoris and immediately anterior to vagina

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33
Q

What is located on the sides of the urethral opening in females

A

openings of the paraurethral glands

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34
Q

Where is the clitoris located

A

between the anterior ends of the labia minora

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35
Q

What are the parts of the clitoris

A

mobile body and a root

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36
Q

where is the root of the clitoris located

A

in superficial perineal pouch

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37
Q

What composes the body of the clitoris

A

2 corpora cavernosa and athin band of erectile tissue (the commisure of the bulbs)

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38
Q

What is corresponding structure on females to the corpus spongiosum of males

A

commissure of the bulbs

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39
Q

What is the distal expansion of the commisure of the bulbs

A

glans clitoris

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40
Q

What is the posterior expansion of the erectile tissue in females analagous to the corpus spongiosum of males

A

Vestibular bulbs

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41
Q

What is the posterior expansion of the corpora cavernosa in females

A

Crura

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42
Q

What is located at the junction of the clitoris’ fixed and mobile parts

A

suspensory ligament

43
Q

What forms the roof and floor of the superficial perineal pouch

A

Floor (inferior boundary) superficial perineal fascia (coles fascia)

Roof (superior boundary): perineal membrane (in triangular form)

44
Q

What gap does the perineal membrane fill

A

teh interval between ishciopubic rami

45
Q

What is the superficial perineal fascia a continuation of

A

the superficial membranous fascia of the abdominal wall (scarpas fascia) inferiorly over the inguinal ligament

46
Q

Where does the superficial perineal fascia attach in females (3)

A

inferolaterally: to fascia lata of the thigh
laterally: to ischiopubic rami
posteriorly: to the free margin of the perineal membrane

47
Q

Where does the superficial perineal fascia continue and attach in males (what does it also form)

A

continues anteriorly over shaft of penis and in the scrotal wall (forming dartos muscle fibers)

48
Q

What does the compartment created by the superficial perineal fascia open into in males

A

scrotum
subcutaneous space of penis
lower abdominal wall

49
Q

What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch

A 
Crura
Bulb of penis
Vestibular bulbs
Superficial transverse perineal muscles
Greater vestibular glands
Perineal body
50
Q

Where or the crura of the penis and clitoris attached

A

Ischiopubic rami

51
Q

What covers the crura

A

ischiocavernosus muscle

52
Q

where does the ischiovavernosus muscle originate and insert

A

originates: Ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus
Inserts: into sides of crus

53
Q

What does contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscles do

A

moves blood distally into corpora cavernosa of penis or clitoris

and interferes with venous return ( maintaining erection)

54
Q

What is contained in the superior part of the bulb of the penis

A

Urethra

55
Q

What covers the bulb of the penis

A

bulbospongiosus muscle

56
Q

Where does the bulbospongiosus muscle originate and insert

A

Originates:
median raphe superficial to bulb
perineal body

Inserts:
into perineal membrane
corpus spongiosum
deep fascia on the dorsum of the penis

57
Q

What are the vestibular bulbs and where do they attach

A

elongated masses of erectile tissue

attached to perineal membrane on sides of vagina

58
Q

What unites anterior to the urethra in a female

A

tapered ends of the vestibular bulbs (commisure of the bulbs)

59
Q

What is the role of bulbospongiosus muscle

A

expels semen during ejacuation
expels residual urine during urination

helps maintain erection by compressing the bulb and moving blood distally into corpus sopongiosum and glans penis

60
Q

What covers the vestibular bulbs

A

bulbospongiosus muscle

61
Q

what is the role of the bulbospongiosus muscle in females

A

acts as a sphincter of the vaginal orifice and helps maintain erection by compressing vestibular bulb

62
Q

Where are the greater vestibular glands located and what do they secrete

A

posterior end of each vestibular bulb

secrete mucus to lubricate external genitals

63
Q

What forms the perineal body (5)

A 
interdigitation of fibers from
bulbospogiosus
external anal sphincter
transverse perineal muscles 
in part levator ani

perineal membrane (not muscle fibers but contributes)

64
Q

What is the result of the musculofascial attachments of the deep perineal pouch

A

does not communicate with the superficial perineal pouch or pelvic cavity

65
Q

Where is the deep perineal pouch located

A

superior to pernineal membrane

inferior to pelvic diaphragm

66
Q

What do the muscels in the deep perineal pouch do

A

associate with urethra and vagina and provide some support for pelvic viscera at urogenital haitus

67
Q

What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch (3)

A

External urethral sphincter
Bulbourethral glands
Deep transverse perineal muscles

68
Q

What is the origin and path of the external urethral sphincter

A

originates from ischiopubic rami
some fibers encircle urethra

in females inferior parts of the muscle blend with anterolateral walls of the vagina

69
Q

What is the section of urethra encircled by the external urethral sphincter called in males

A

intermediate (membranous) urethra

70
Q

What is the role of the external urethral sphincter

A

voluntary sphincter of the urethra

71
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located

A

embeded in the muscluature of the deep perineal pouch of males

72
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands do

A

secrete clear mucus during sexual excitation

73
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands homologous to and where are they located

A

Greater vestibular glands

in female superficial perineal pouch

74
Q

Where are the Deep transverse perineal muscles found ( insertion orgin) and what do they do

A

Found only in males
Originate ischial tuberosities and ischiopubic rami
insert: perineal body

support and stabilize the perineal body

75
Q

What replaces the deep transverse perineal muscles in females

A

unnamed smooth muscles with uncertain function

76
Q

What did the urogenital diaphragm make up

A

the deep perinieal pouch

77
Q

What were the previous layers of the trilaminar urogenital diaphragm

A 
perineal membrane (inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
a flat sheet of muscles ( no longer viewed as flat)
a superior layer of fascia (in contact with pelvic diaphragm)
78
Q

What are the new views on the urogenital diaphragm

A

muscles not flat (eg external shincter shaped like tube)

definitive superior fascia does not exist

79
Q

What seperates the superficial and deep perinieal pouches

A

Perineal membrane

80
Q

What are the perineal pouch layers from superficial (inferior) to deep (superior) (6)

A 
Skin
Superficial perineal fascia (colles)
Superficial perineal pouch (crura ,bulbs, muscles)
Perineal membrane
Deep perineal pouch
Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani)`
81
Q

What provides primary innervation to the perineum

A

Pudenal nerve (S2-4)

82
Q

What (nerves) supplies the external anal sphincter and anal canal and where do they arise

A

inferior rectal nervees (arise in ischioanal fossa from pudendal)

83
Q

Where does the prineal nerve arise and what does it divide into

A

arises near posterior border of perineal membrane from pudendal

cutaneosus posterior scrotal (labial) nerves
Deep perineal nerve

84
Q

What does the deep perineal nerve provide

A

motor to all perinieal muscles

sensory to erectile tissues of the penile (vestibular) bulb and corpus spongiosum (commissur of the bulbs)

85
Q

What is the continuation of the pudendal nerve called and where does it lie

A

dorsal nerve of penis (clit)

on dorsum of penis (clit) deep to deep fascia

86
Q

What does the dorsal nerve of the penis (clit) supply

A

sensory to crura

Corpora cavernosa and distal two thirds of penis (clit) skin

87
Q

what are the anterior scrotal (labial) nerves branches of what does it do

A

iliinguinal (L1) and genitofemoral (L1,2),

help provide perineum innervation

88
Q

what helps supply posterior scrotum (labium majus)

A

perineal branch of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-3)

89
Q

Which fibers do not travel with the pudendal nerve, where do they go

A

parasympathetic autonomic

pass inferior to pubic symphysis and enter peritoneum

90
Q

What is the major vascular source to the perineum and what is it a branch of

A

indternal pudendal

internal iliac

91
Q

what path does the internal pudendal artery follow and where does it give off inferior rectal arteries

A

same path as pudendal nerve

in ischioanal fossa

92
Q

Where does the perineal artery arise and what does it give off

A

posterior border of perineal membrane off of pudendal

posterior scrotal (labial) branches

93
Q

What does the the artery to the bulb come off of and enter

A

internal pudendal artery

enters penile or vestibular bulb

94
Q

What are the termianl branches of the internal pudendal artery

A

deep artery of the penis (clitoris)

dorsal artery of the penis (clitoris)

95
Q

where does the deep artery of the penis (clitoris) run

A

enters curs and continues along corpus cavernosum

96
Q

where does the dorsal artery of the penis (clitoris) run

A

medial to dorsal nerve of penis (clit)

97
Q

what provides aditional arterial supply to the perieum

A

superficial and deep external pudendal arteries

branches of femoral artery

98
Q

what drains most of the blood from the corpora cavernosa and glans and wehre does it run

A

deep dorsal vein of the penis (clitoris)

runs between 2 dorsal arteries of the penis(clitoris) and passes inferior to pubic arch to join prosthatic plexus of veins

99
Q

What drains the blood from the perineum

A

branches of internal and external pudendal veins and deep dorsal vein of p/c

100
Q

Where does the prostatic plexus of veins drain

A

intenral iliac veins

101
Q

what lymph drains into the superficial inguinal nodes (3)

A

perineum (except clit and glans penis)
inferior vagina
inferior anal canal

102
Q

what lymph drains into the internal iliac nodes (7)

A 
glans penis
clitoris
proximal parts of cavernous bodies
deep Perineal pouch
intermediate (mebranous) urethra 
entire female urethra
superior vagina 
GPS DICE
103
Q

Where does lymph from the testes drain

A

para aortic nodes

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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