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Anatomy Block 4 > Male and Female Perineum > Flashcards

Male and Female Perineum Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

What is the compostition of the scrotum

A

skin and superficial perinal fascia (colles fascia)

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2
Q

What is colles fascia a continuation of

A

superficial abdominal fascia into the urogenital area of perineum

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3
Q

What is present in fascia of the scrotum

A

its superficial perinal fascia and it contains the dartos muscle

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4
Q

When does the dartos muscle contract

A

In the influence of cold

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5
Q

Where is the root of the penis located

A

superficial perineal pouch

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6
Q

What is the penis composed of and what seperates them?

A

3 bodies of erectile tissue

2 Coprora cavernosa (with incomplete septum between)
Corpus spongiosum (tranversed by spongy urethra)
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7
Q

What is erectile tissue

A

Meshwork of interlacing and intercommunnicating vascular spaces

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8
Q

What happens to the corpus cavernosa posteriorly

A

They seperate and expand as crura

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9
Q

Where do the crura attach

A

Ischiopubic rami

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10
Q

What is the distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum

A

Glans Penis

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11
Q

How and where do the corpus cavernosum end

A

blunt terminations behind the glans penis

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12
Q

What happens to the corpus spongiosum posteriorly

A

enlarges as the bulb of the penis

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13
Q

What surrounds the erectile bodies of the penis individually

A

Tunica albuginea

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14
Q

What surrounds All the covernous bodies of the penis

A

Deep fascia of the penis (bucks fascia)

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15
Q

Where does the suspensory ligament of the penis attach

A

Deep fascia at the junction of the fixed and mobile parts

and the inferior part of the pubic arch

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16
Q

what surrounds the deep fascia around the penis

A

superficial perineal fascia and skin

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17
Q

What happens to the skin of the penis distally and what is it called?

A

prolonged and double layered as the prepuce (foreskin)

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18
Q

What does the prepuce cover in males

A

Glans penis

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19
Q

What is makes up most of the labia majora

A

fat and connective tissue

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20
Q

What is the mons pubis

A

rounded fatty eminence formed from the blending together of the labia majora anteriorly

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21
Q

What enters the labia majora anteriorly and what is it attached to

A

round ligaments

attach to skin

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22
Q

What are the labia majora homologous to in the male

A

Scrotum

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23
Q

What forms the prepuce of the clitoris

A

The superior portion of the anterior division of the labia minora

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24
Q

What forms the frenulum of the clitoris

A

the inferior portion of the anterior division of the labia minora

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25
What are the labia minora homologous to in the male
ventral aspect of the penis
26
what is the name for the cleft between the labia minora
vestibule
27
what 4 things open into the vestibule of the vagina
Urethra Vagina paraurethral glands greater vestibular glands
28
What are the paraurethral glands homologous to on the male
prostate called skenes glands
29
What are the greater vestibular glands homologous to on the male
Bulbourethral glands
30
Where are the openings to the greater vestibular glands located
posterolateral to the vaginal orifice
31
What surrounds the vaginal orifice
incomplete fold called hymen
32
Where is the external urethral orifice on females
one inch posterior to clitoris and immediately anterior to vagina
33
What is located on the sides of the urethral opening in females
openings of the paraurethral glands
34
Where is the clitoris located
between the anterior ends of the labia minora
35
What are the parts of the clitoris
mobile body and a root
36
where is the root of the clitoris located
in superficial perineal pouch
37
What composes the body of the clitoris
2 corpora cavernosa and athin band of erectile tissue (the commisure of the bulbs)
38
What is corresponding structure on females to the corpus spongiosum of males
commissure of the bulbs
39
What is the distal expansion of the commisure of the bulbs
glans clitoris
40
What is the posterior expansion of the erectile tissue in females analagous to the corpus spongiosum of males
Vestibular bulbs
41
What is the posterior expansion of the corpora cavernosa in females
Crura
42
What is located at the junction of the clitoris' fixed and mobile parts
suspensory ligament
43
What forms the roof and floor of the superficial perineal pouch
Floor (inferior boundary) superficial perineal fascia (coles fascia) Roof (superior boundary): perineal membrane (in triangular form)
44
What gap does the perineal membrane fill
teh interval between ishciopubic rami
45
What is the superficial perineal fascia a continuation of
the superficial membranous fascia of the abdominal wall (scarpas fascia) inferiorly over the inguinal ligament
46
Where does the superficial perineal fascia attach in females (3)
inferolaterally: to fascia lata of the thigh laterally: to ischiopubic rami posteriorly: to the free margin of the perineal membrane
47
Where does the superficial perineal fascia continue and attach in males (what does it also form)
continues anteriorly over shaft of penis and in the scrotal wall (forming dartos muscle fibers)
48
What does the compartment created by the superficial perineal fascia open into in males
scrotum subcutaneous space of penis lower abdominal wall
49
What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch
``` Crura Bulb of penis Vestibular bulbs Superficial transverse perineal muscles Greater vestibular glands Perineal body ```
50
Where or the crura of the penis and clitoris attached
Ischiopubic rami
51
What covers the crura
ischiocavernosus muscle
52
where does the ischiovavernosus muscle originate and insert
originates: Ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus Inserts: into sides of crus
53
What does contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscles do
moves blood distally into corpora cavernosa of penis or clitoris and interferes with venous return ( maintaining erection)
54
What is contained in the superior part of the bulb of the penis
Urethra
55
What covers the bulb of the penis
bulbospongiosus muscle
56
Where does the bulbospongiosus muscle originate and insert
Originates: median raphe superficial to bulb perineal body Inserts: into perineal membrane corpus spongiosum deep fascia on the dorsum of the penis
57
What are the vestibular bulbs and where do they attach
elongated masses of erectile tissue | attached to perineal membrane on sides of vagina
58
What unites anterior to the urethra in a female
tapered ends of the vestibular bulbs (commisure of the bulbs)
59
What is the role of bulbospongiosus muscle
expels semen during ejacuation expels residual urine during urination helps maintain erection by compressing the bulb and moving blood distally into corpus sopongiosum and glans penis
60
What covers the vestibular bulbs
bulbospongiosus muscle
61
what is the role of the bulbospongiosus muscle in females
acts as a sphincter of the vaginal orifice and helps maintain erection by compressing vestibular bulb
62
Where are the greater vestibular glands located and what do they secrete
posterior end of each vestibular bulb | secrete mucus to lubricate external genitals
63
What forms the perineal body (5)
``` interdigitation of fibers from bulbospogiosus external anal sphincter transverse perineal muscles in part levator ani ``` perineal membrane (not muscle fibers but contributes)
64
What is the result of the musculofascial attachments of the deep perineal pouch
does not communicate with the superficial perineal pouch or pelvic cavity
65
Where is the deep perineal pouch located
superior to pernineal membrane | inferior to pelvic diaphragm
66
What do the muscels in the deep perineal pouch do
associate with urethra and vagina and provide some support for pelvic viscera at urogenital haitus
67
What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch (3)
External urethral sphincter Bulbourethral glands Deep transverse perineal muscles
68
What is the origin and path of the external urethral sphincter
originates from ischiopubic rami some fibers encircle urethra in females inferior parts of the muscle blend with anterolateral walls of the vagina
69
What is the section of urethra encircled by the external urethral sphincter called in males
intermediate (membranous) urethra
70
What is the role of the external urethral sphincter
voluntary sphincter of the urethra
71
Where are the bulbourethral glands located
embeded in the muscluature of the deep perineal pouch of males
72
What do the bulbourethral glands do
secrete clear mucus during sexual excitation
73
Where are the bulbourethral glands homologous to and where are they located
Greater vestibular glands | in female superficial perineal pouch
74
Where are the Deep transverse perineal muscles found ( insertion orgin) and what do they do
Found only in males Originate ischial tuberosities and ischiopubic rami insert: perineal body support and stabilize the perineal body
75
What replaces the deep transverse perineal muscles in females
unnamed smooth muscles with uncertain function
76
What did the urogenital diaphragm make up
the deep perinieal pouch
77
What were the previous layers of the trilaminar urogenital diaphragm
``` perineal membrane (inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm a flat sheet of muscles ( no longer viewed as flat) a superior layer of fascia (in contact with pelvic diaphragm) ```
78
What are the new views on the urogenital diaphragm
muscles not flat (eg external shincter shaped like tube) | definitive superior fascia does not exist
79
What seperates the superficial and deep perinieal pouches
Perineal membrane
80
What are the perineal pouch layers from superficial (inferior) to deep (superior) (6)
``` Skin Superficial perineal fascia (colles) Superficial perineal pouch (crura ,bulbs, muscles) Perineal membrane Deep perineal pouch Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani)` ```
81
What provides primary innervation to the perineum
Pudenal nerve (S2-4)
82
What (nerves) supplies the external anal sphincter and anal canal and where do they arise
inferior rectal nervees (arise in ischioanal fossa from pudendal)
83
Where does the prineal nerve arise and what does it divide into
arises near posterior border of perineal membrane from pudendal cutaneosus posterior scrotal (labial) nerves Deep perineal nerve
84
What does the deep perineal nerve provide
motor to all perinieal muscles sensory to erectile tissues of the penile (vestibular) bulb and corpus spongiosum (commissur of the bulbs)
85
What is the continuation of the pudendal nerve called and where does it lie
dorsal nerve of penis (clit) | on dorsum of penis (clit) deep to deep fascia
86
What does the dorsal nerve of the penis (clit) supply
sensory to crura | Corpora cavernosa and distal two thirds of penis (clit) skin
87
what are the anterior scrotal (labial) nerves branches of what does it do
iliinguinal (L1) and genitofemoral (L1,2), | help provide perineum innervation
88
what helps supply posterior scrotum (labium majus)
perineal branch of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-3)
89
Which fibers do not travel with the pudendal nerve, where do they go
parasympathetic autonomic | pass inferior to pubic symphysis and enter peritoneum
90
What is the major vascular source to the perineum and what is it a branch of
indternal pudendal | internal iliac
91
what path does the internal pudendal artery follow and where does it give off inferior rectal arteries
same path as pudendal nerve | in ischioanal fossa
92
Where does the perineal artery arise and what does it give off
posterior border of perineal membrane off of pudendal posterior scrotal (labial) branches
93
What does the the artery to the bulb come off of and enter
internal pudendal artery | enters penile or vestibular bulb
94
What are the termianl branches of the internal pudendal artery
deep artery of the penis (clitoris) | dorsal artery of the penis (clitoris)
95
where does the deep artery of the penis (clitoris) run
enters curs and continues along corpus cavernosum
96
where does the dorsal artery of the penis (clitoris) run
medial to dorsal nerve of penis (clit)
97
what provides aditional arterial supply to the perieum
superficial and deep external pudendal arteries branches of femoral artery
98
what drains most of the blood from the corpora cavernosa and glans and wehre does it run
deep dorsal vein of the penis (clitoris) runs between 2 dorsal arteries of the penis(clitoris) and passes inferior to pubic arch to join prosthatic plexus of veins
99
What drains the blood from the perineum
branches of internal and external pudendal veins and deep dorsal vein of p/c
100
Where does the prostatic plexus of veins drain
intenral iliac veins
101
what lymph drains into the superficial inguinal nodes (3)
perineum (except clit and glans penis) inferior vagina inferior anal canal
102
what lymph drains into the internal iliac nodes (7)
``` glans penis clitoris proximal parts of cavernous bodies deep Perineal pouch intermediate (mebranous) urethra entire female urethra superior vagina GPS DICE ```
103
Where does lymph from the testes drain
para aortic nodes

Anatomy Block 4 (16 decks)

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