Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between excretion and elimination?

A

-Excretion removes metabolic waste while elimination removes indigestible material (dietary fiber)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the principle organs involved in excretion?

A

-Lungs, liver, skin, kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the units comprising the kidney called?

A

-Nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three regions of the kidney?

A

-Outer cortex, inner medulla, renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structures are in the outer cortex regions?

A

-Bowman’s capsule/glomerulus and convoluted tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structures are in the medulla?

A

-Loop of Henle and collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structures are in the pelvis?

A

-Collecting tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Trace the flow of the kidney.

A

-Capsule –> Proximal Convoluted Tubule –> Loop of Henle –> Distal Convoluted Tubule –> Collecting Duct –> Ureter –> Urinary Bladder –> Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What surrounds most of the nephron?

A

Peritubular capillary - aids in reabsorption of aa, glucose, salts, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three steps of urine formation?

A

-Filtration, Secretion, Reabsoption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drives filtration?

A

-Passive, driven by hydrostatic pressure of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is relation of filtrate and blood plasma?

A

-Isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is secreted into filtrate in secretion step?

A

-Waste substance (acids, ions, metabolites) from interstitial fluid by passive/active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is reabsorbed and returned to blood?

A
  • Glucose, salts, amino acids (active)

- Water (passive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does reabsorption occur mainly?

A

-Proximal convoluted tubule (active)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

After reabsorption, what is formed?

A

-Concentrated urine hypertonic to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the primary function of the nephron?

A

-Clean blood plasma of unwanted substances through selective permeability and osmolarity gradient of nephron

18
Q

Where is the primary site of nutrient reabsorption?

A

-Proximal convoluted tubule

19
Q

Where is the major site of secretion of substances into the filtrate?

A

-Distal convoluted tubule

20
Q

What is the descending loop of Henle permeable to?

A

-Permeable to water but not to ions or urea

21
Q

What is the thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle permeable to?

A

-Permeable to ions (passive), impermeable to water

22
Q

What is the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle’s function?

A

-Active reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride

23
Q

What creates the osmolarity gradient between the tubules and interstitial fluid?

A

-Na+ and Cl-

24
Q

Which direction does tissue osmolarity increase from?

A

-Cortex to inner medulla

25
Q

What drives the gradient?

A

-Counter-current-multiplier system (use energy to create concentration gradient)

26
Q

The interstitial space in the medulla of the kidney is _________ in relation to filtrate in renal tubule.

A

-Hyperosmolar

27
Q

Osmosis allows water to flow from ____ to the ____ when filtrate travel down collecting ducts to pelvis/ureter.

A

From ducts to interstitial fluid

28
Q

Where does the water reabsorbed from collecting ducts go?

A

-Travels from capillaries in medulla to systemic circulation

29
Q

What hormone regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts to water?

A
  • ADH (vasopressin) secreted by hypothalamus

- Increase permeability to water –> reabsorption –> more concentrated urine

30
Q

What is purpose of aldosterone?

A
  • Steroid hormone
  • Increase transport of Na+ (excretion) along distal convoluted tubule/collecting duct
  • Increases water reabsorption
31
Q

How does ADH increase water reabsorption?

A

-Opens more aquaporins

32
Q

ADH and aldosterone both…

A

…decrease urine output and increase blood pressure.

33
Q

Diuretics target

A
  • inhibit sodium reabsorption in ascending loop (loop diuretics)
  • inhibit sodium-chloride transporter in distal convoluted tubule
34
Q

What is body fluid pH?

A

7.4

35
Q

What are the types of acid-base disorders?

A
  • Respiratory (pCO2)

- Metabolic (HCO3-)

36
Q

Which type of A-B disorder takes longer to compensate for?

A

-Respiratory since they are compensated for by the kidney changing levels of HCO3-

37
Q

What is the defect and compensation method of metabolic acidosis?

A
  • Cause: low HCO3-

- Compensate: low pCO2

38
Q

What is the defect and compensation method of respiratory acidosis?

A
  • Cause: high pCO2

- Compensate: high HCO3-

39
Q

Metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • Cause: high HCO3-

- Compensate: high pCO2

40
Q

Respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • Cause: low pCO2

- Compensate: low HCO3-

Biology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions