Animal Behavior Flashcards
Simple Reflex
- Spinal Cord (Interneuron)
- Receptor –> Motor –> Muscle/Gland
Complex Reflex
- Include brainstem or cerebrum
- Innate, complex, coordinated
- Initiated by releaser
- Uses reticular activation system
Circadian Rhythm
-Modified by external stimuli; initiated intrinsically
Habituation
-Suppression of normal start response to stimuli
Spontaneous Recovery
- Response recovered over time if stimulus is not regularly applied anymore (Habituation)
- Reinforcement returned (Operant)
Classical Conditioning
-Pavlovian association of autonomic/visceral response with environmental stimulus (Neutral)
What are the factors associated with Pavlovian Conditioning?
- Unconditioned stimulus/response
- Neutral stimulus –> No response
- Conditioned Stimulus/Conditioned Response
Which reflex type is more important to lower organisms?
Simple Reflex
Pseudoconditioning
“Neutral” stimulus elicits response prior to conditioning
Operant Conditioning
- Use of reward to reinforce behavior
- (+) reinforcement
- (-) reinforcement
- Punishment
Extinction
-Gradual elimination of response in absence of reinforcement (operant conditioning) or absence of unconditioned response/poorly paired (classical)
Generalization
-Respond to similar but not identical stimuli –> stimulus gradient is formed
Imprinting
-Environmental patterns or objects presented to developing organism in critical period is accepted permanently as element of behavioral environment
Intraspecific interactions
- Communication between species
- Reproductive display, Agonistic display, Dancing
Pecking order
-Social hierarchy minimizes intraspecific aggressions by defining stable relationships among members
