Evolution Flashcards
Lamarckian Evolution
Use/Disuse
Theory of acquired traits
Darwinian Evolution
Natural Selection
Heritable variation with differential reproductive success
What are factors that can lead to speciation?
Genetic variation, change in env, migration and adaptation to new env, natural selection, isolation, genetic drift
Demes
Small, local populations
Convergent evolution
Different ancestor, similar trait
Parallel evolution
More recent ancestor, similar trait
-e.g. marsupials and placental mammals
Divergent evolution
Recent ancestor, different trait
Adaptive radiation
Ancestor evolves into multiple lineages for niche specialization
What causes microevolution (deviations from HWE)?
-Migration, non-random mating, natural selection, mutations, genetic drift
What are types of fossils?
-Amber, molds, casts, petrification, imprints
Trilobites
Ancient arthropod of Paleozoic Era
Earlier stage embryonic development differs…
more dissimilar the adult organism will be.
Vestigial structures
no known current function but apparently had some ancestral function.
Heterotroph hypothesis
- 1st forms of life depended upon outside sources for food
- Primordial soup contained sugars, aa, purines, pyrimidines
Primitive seas contained…
Salts, methane, ammonia, hydrogen, water
Energy in early primitive seas supplied by
heat, electricity, solar radiation, cosmic rays, radioactivity
Miller’s experiment synthesized
urea, hydrogen, cyanide, acetic/lactic acid
Primitive cells
colloidal protein molecules clumped to form coacervate droplets absorbing substances
Autotrophs developed because…
organisms required nutrients faster than being synthesized.
Aerobic respiration developed because
- environment became oxidizing instead of reducing
- some oxygen was converted to ozone
Chemosynthetic bacteria are
anaerobic autotrophs
