Integumentary and Immunological Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the integument consist of?

A

Skin, hair, nails, mucous secretions

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2
Q

What is the pH of the skin?

A

Acidic from sebaceous gland oil secretions

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3
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Dermis and epidermis connected together by basement membrane

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4
Q

What is the dermis?

A

Blood supply to skin and specialized cells

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5
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Kerationcytes which differentiate into corneocytes (protective, waterproof, routinely replaced)

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6
Q

What is difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

A
  • Humoral: antibodies

- Cell mediated: combat fungal and viral infections

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7
Q

What occurs during inflammatory?

A
  • Activated WBC release histamines
  • Blood vessels dilate and increase permeability
  • Increase flow of WBC to infection
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8
Q

Describe components of lymphatic system.

A
  • Lymph flows through lymphatic vessels from lymph node to lymph node
  • In extravascular space of most tissues
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9
Q

Lymph nodes and spleen…

A

…are reservoirs of WBC and filters for lymph (remove antigen-presenting cells and foreign matter)

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10
Q

Granulocytes

A
  • Phagocytize antigens and antigenic material

- Neutrophils, Eusinophils, Basophils

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11
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • Most common
  • First responders, attract WBC
  • Elevated in inflammation
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12
Q

Eusinophils

A
  • Less common
  • Asthmatic and allergic responses
  • Fight intercellular parasites
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13
Q

Basophils

A
  • Related to mast cells and allergic response
  • Release histamine
  • Fight ectoparasites
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14
Q

Monocytes

A
  • Can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells

- Long-lived immune cells

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15
Q

Macrophages

A
  • Phagocytize dead cells and pathogens

- Present fragments of antigens

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16
Q

Dendritic cells

A
  • More focused on antigen presenting vs macrophages
  • In areas in contact with external environment
  • Important link to adaptive IS
17
Q

T lymphocytes

A
  • Random rearrangement of gene sequences
  • Vast majority undergo cell apoptosis (react too well or not at all)
  • Develop in bone marrow –(travel in blood–> mature in thymus
18
Q

MHC

A

-Presents antigen on surface of antigen presenting cell

19
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A
  • CD8+ cells recognize/attack MHCI complexes

- Viruses/developing tumors

20
Q

Helper T cells

A
  • CD4+ recognize/respond to MHCII complexes

- Release cytokines to stimulate IS response

21
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A
  • Behave similarly to both Tc and Th cells but respond to antigens presented by other types of cells
  • Destroy cells marked for destruction
22
Q

Memory T cells

A

-Quicker, more targeted response if antigen reappears

23
Q

Regulatory or suppressor T cells

A

-Tone down T cell response to self cells or following an infection

24
Q

B lymphocytes

A

-Express immunoglobulins with high affinity for antigen expressed by the stimulating T lymphocyte

25
Q

Antibodies

A
  • Light chain and heavy chain with S-S bonds

- N (antigen binding sites) C (constant) V (variable)

26
Q

Active immunity

A
  • Occurs as result of immune response
  • Exposure to pathogen/antigen/vaccine
  • Develop cells specific to particular antigen –> wks/mnths to build up
27
Q

Passive immunity

A
  • Transfer antibodies from one individual to another
  • Pregnancy/injections of gamma globulin
  • Immunity lost when antibodies no longer circulate
28
Q

Transplant rejection

A

-Rejection of organ due to antigens on donated organ

29
Q

Plasma cells

A

-Specialized B cells that produce antibodies

30
Q

MHCI proteins

A

-Found on all cells

31
Q

MHCII proteins

A

-Found on macrophages, B cells, T cells