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Biology > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the favored fuels of living cells?

A

Carbohydrates and fats

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2
Q

External respiration

A
  • Air into lungs

- Gas exchange between alveoli and blood

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3
Q

Internal respiration

A
  • Gas exchange between blood and cells

- Intracellular process of respiration

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4
Q

C-H bonds…

A

are rich in energy.

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5
Q

Net reaction of Glycolysis…

A

Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ —>

2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O

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6
Q

How does glycolysis produce ATP?

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

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7
Q

How many ATPs are formed from fermentation?

A

2ATP

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8
Q

What are the stages of cellular respiration?

A
  • Pyruvate decarboxylation
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • ETC
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9
Q

How many ATP are produced in cellular respiration for humans? Bacteria?

A

36ATP

38ATP

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10
Q

Pyruvate decarboxylation forms

A
  • Acetyl-coA

- 1NADH

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11
Q

Citric acid cycle forms…

A
  • 3NADH
  • 2CO2
  • 1ATP
  • 1FADH2
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12
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A
  • High energy e- transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen

- Produces 32ATP

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13
Q

How many ATP’s are produced from each NADH and FADH2?

A

-3,2

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14
Q

Which direction are protons actively pumped to?

A

From the matrix into the intermembrane space

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15
Q

Why do bacteria produce more ATP?

A

The 2NADH do not have to cross the mitochondrial membrane so they don’t lost an ATP

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16
Q

What is the preferential order of energy sources?

A

-Glucose –> Other Carbs –> Fats –> Proteins

17
Q

Which energy source produces the most ATP?

A

Fats

18
Q

Once fatty acid is activated, where does it go?

A

Mitochondrion –> beta oxidation cycles to convert to acetyl-coA
-Each oxidation cycle produces one NADH and one FADH2

19
Q

Proteins

A
  • Transamination reactions remove an amino group leaving alpha keto acid
  • C atoms converted to acetyl-CoA, pyruvate, or TCA int
20
Q

Competitive inhibition

A
  • Vmax unaffected

- Km is increased

21
Q

Noncompetitive inhibition

A
  • Irreversible

- Decrease Vmax, Km

22
Q

Cofactors

A
  • Nonprotein molecules

- Can be metal cations

23
Q

Coenzymes

A
  • Nonprotein
  • Small organic molecules
  • Mostly unable to be synthesized by body
  • Vitamins
24
Q

Prosthetic groups

A

-Covalently attached to enzyme

Biology (17 decks)

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