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Human Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Thin, tough layer of dense connective tissue on the surface of the kidney.

A

Capsule

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2
Q

A layer of adipose tissue that surrounds and cushions each kidney.

A

Perirenal fat

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3
Q

The large space within the medial part of each kidney that contains renal vessels, nerves, fat, and the renal pelvis and calices.

A

Renal sinus

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4
Q

An extension of the renal pelvis that collects urine from a renal papilla.

A

Calyx

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5
Q

The funnel-shaped expanded superior part of the ureter within the renal sinus.

A

Renal pelvis

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6
Q

The light-colored, granular area of the kidney just inside the capsule.

A

Cortex

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7
Q

A cone-shaped area that has a broad base next to the renal cortex and a narrow tip called a papilla that projects towards the center of the kidney.

A

Renal pyramids

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8
Q

The dark region deep to the cortex that consists of all the renal pyramids.

A

Medulla

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9
Q

Inward extensions of the renal cortex that separate adjacent pyramids.

A

Renal columns

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10
Q

A vertical cleft in the medial side of each kidney where vessels, ureters, and nerves enter and leave the kidney.

A

Hilus

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

A

make plasma proteins

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12
Q

Which of the following is FALSE concerning the kidney?

A

It is completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum.

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13
Q

Transport about ¼ of the heart’s systemic output to the kidneys under resting conditions.

A

Renal arteries

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14
Q

Located in the renal columns between the medullary pyramids.

A

Interlobar arteries

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15
Q

Curve over the bases of the medullary pyramids to connect neighboring interlobar arteries.

A

Arcuate arteries

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16
Q

Small branches from the arcuate arteries that supply the cortical tissue with blood.

A

Cortical radiate arteries

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17
Q

Small vessel that carries blood to a glomerulus.

A

Afferent arteriole

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18
Q

The ball of capillaries that forms part of a renal corpuscle.

A

Glomerulus

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19
Q

Small vessel that carries blood away from a glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries.

A

Efferent arteriole

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20
Q

A network of capillaries that are closely associated with the convoluted tubules.

A

Peritubular capillaries

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21
Q

Small vessels that form hairpin loops alongside the nepron loops.

A

Vasa recta

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22
Q

Vessels that receive blood from the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta.

A

Cortical radiate veins

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23
Q

Large vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.

A

Renal veins

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24
Q

Which vessels are at the boundary between the cortex and medulla?

A

arcuate arteries

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25
Q

Which vessel connects two different types of capillaries?

A

efferent arteriole

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26
Q

What type of capillaries are the glomeruli?

A

fenestrated

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27
Q

Which of these normally has the smaller diameter?

A

efferent arteriole

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28
Q

Active transport of undesirable molecules from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules.

A

Secretion

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29
Q

Movement of small molecules and water from the blood in the glomerulus into the renal tubules.

A

Filtration

30
Q

Recovery of most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions from the filtrate in the renal tubules, which are returned to the blood in the capillaries.

A

Resorption

31
Q

The main structural and functional unit of the kidney, which includes the renal corpuscle and renal tubule.

A

Nephron

32
Q

The first part of a nephron where filtration occurs; includes the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule.

A

Renal corpuscle

33
Q

The portion of a nephron through which filtrate passes after leaving the renal corpuscle.

A

Renal tubule

34
Q

The cup-shaped, hollow structure that surrounds the glomerulus; also called a Bowman’s capsule.

A

Glomerular capsule

35
Q

The filter that lies between the blood in the glomerulus and the capsular space.

A

Filtration membrane

36
Q

A highly coiled tube that carries filtrate from the glomerular capsule to the nepron loop.

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

37
Q

The U-shaped tube that connects the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

A

Nephron loop (loop of Henle)

38
Q

A highly coiled tube that carries filtrate from the nepron loop to a collecting duct.

A

Distal convoluted tubule

39
Q

A tube that receives urine from several nephrons and runs straight through the cortex to the deeper medulla.

A

Collecting duct (tubule)

40
Q

Structure composed of a portion of the afferent and efferent arteriole and terminal nepron loop that functions in regulation of blood pressure.

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

41
Q

Region of the kidney where the renal corpuscle and convoluted tubules are located.

A

Cortex

42
Q

Region of the kidney where the nepron loops and vasa recta are located.

A

Medulla

43
Q

Which part of the JG apparatus is in the end of the nepron loop?

A

macula densa

44
Q

Which part is in the afferent & efferent arteriole?

A

granular cells

45
Q

Which part secretes renin?

A

granular cells

46
Q

Which part monitors urine solute concentration?

A

macula densa

47
Q

Which tubes carry urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder?

A

ureters

48
Q

Which statement is NOT correct about the ureters?

A

Urine travels to the bladder by gravity alone.

49
Q

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined with:

A

transitional epithelium

50
Q

Transitional epithelium has the ability to:

A

stretch

51
Q

The detrusor muscles are part of which structure?

A

urinary bladder

52
Q

The triangular region in the posterior wall of the bladder defined by the openings of the ureters and urethra is the:

A

trigone

53
Q

The female bladder is ____ to the uterus.

A

inferior

54
Q

A full adult bladder can hold about milliliters of urine.

A

500

55
Q

The internal urethral sphincter is a thickening of the:

A

detrusor muscle

56
Q

Which of the following is under voluntary control since it is made of skeletal muscle?

A

external urethral sphincter

57
Q

The female urethra is about inches long.

A

1.5

58
Q

The portion of the male urethra closest to the urinary bladder is called the:

A

prostatic urethra

59
Q

The middle portion of the male urethra is called the:

A

membranous urethra

60
Q

The longest and most distal portion of the male urethra is called the:

A

spongy urethra

61
Q

Another term for the process of urination is:

A

micturition

62
Q

Contraction of the detrusor muscle is stimulated by the:

A

parasympathetic system

63
Q

Infections often caused by entry of bacteria from the external genital area into the urethra; more common in females than males.

A

Urinary tract infections

64
Q

Inability to control and voluntarily prevent micturition.

A

Urinary incontinence

65
Q

Inability of the bladder to expel its contents; occurs after anesthesia is given or due to enlargement of the prostate.

A

Urinary retention

66
Q

An infection of the renal pelvis and calices that spreads to involve the rest of the kidney as well.

A

Pyelonephritis

67
Q

Infection of the urinary bladder.

A

Cystitis

68
Q

Crystals of calcium, magnesium or uric acid salts that precipitate in the calices or renal pelvis.

A

Renal calculi

69
Q

Typically involves neoplasms of the bladder’s lining epithelium; five times more common in men than in women.

A

Bladder cancer

70
Q

Cancer of the epithelial cells of the neprons or renal pelvis or calices; twice as common in men as in women.

A

Kidney cancer

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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