Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The area between the two pleural cavities is the:

A

mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The broad posterior part of the heart is the:

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The apex is the

A

inferior left corner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The top of the heart is at the level of the:

A

second costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The fibrous pericardium is composed of:

A

dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which layer of pericardium is on the surface of the heart?

A

visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The pericardial cavity is between the __ layers.

A

parietal and visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Severe pericarditis can cause:

A

cardiac tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Another name for the visceral layer is the:

A

epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which layer is composed of endothelium?

A

endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which layer is composed of cardiac muscle?

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Has pectinate muscles

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Has thin walls

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Has trabeculae carneae

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pumping chambers

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Has thick walls

A

ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Receiving chambers

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The chamber that forms most of the anterior surface.

A

Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The chamber on the posterior side of the heart.

A

Left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The chamber with the thickest walls.

A

Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The chamber that forms the entire right border of the heart.

A

Right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Involved in pulmonary circulation.

A

Right atrium, Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Involved in systemic circulation.

A

Left atrium, Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Receives blood from the SVC, IVC and coronary sinus.

A

Right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Receives blood from the pulmonary veins.

A

Left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Receives blood from the left atrium.

A

Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Receives blood from the right atrium.

A

Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Strings attached to the AV valve cusps

A

Chordae tendineae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Wall between the two atria

A

Interatrial septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Wall between the two ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

“Little ear” at medial corner of atria

A

Auricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Groove between the atria and ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Muscular ridges in the atria

A

Pectinate muscles

34
Q

Muscular ridges in the ventricles

A

Trabeculae carneae

35
Q

Bumps of muscle attached to strings

A

Papillary muscles

36
Q

Depression in the interatrial septum

A

Fossa ovalis

37
Q

Pathway of Blood through the Heart

A

Superior vena cava, Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right ventricle, Pulmonary semilunar valve, Pulmonary trunk, Pulmonary artery, R. lung (arterioles, capillaries, venules), Pulmonary vein, Left atrium, Bicuspid (mitral) valve, Left ventricle, Aortic semilunar valve, Ascending aorta

38
Q

The part of a heartbeat when the chambers contract is called:

A

systole

39
Q

The part of a heartbeat when the chambers relax is called:

A

diastole

40
Q

Which chambers contract first?

A

atria

41
Q

Chordae tendineae attach to:

A

atrioventricular valves

42
Q

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the:

A

bicuspid

43
Q

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the:

A

tricuspid

44
Q

Valves with pouch-like cusps are the:

A

semilunar valves

45
Q

Which valves close when atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure?

A

AV

46
Q

Which valves close when ventricular pressure is less than arterial pressure?

A

semilunar

47
Q

Semilunar valves are named for:

A

the vessel they are in.

48
Q

Valves function to:

A

prevent backwards flow of blood

49
Q

Closing of the semilunar valves causes the:

A

second heart sound (dup)

50
Q

Closing of the AV valves causes the:

A

first heart sound (lub)

51
Q

The fibrous skeleton surrounds and strengthens the:

A

heart valves

52
Q

Intrinsic Conduction System

A

Sinoatrial node; pacemaker (right atrium near SVC), Atrioventricular node ( interatrial septum above tricuspid valve), Atrioventricular bundle (bottom of interatrial septum), Right and left bundle branches (sides of interventricular septum), Purkinje fibers (throughout myocardia of ventricles).

53
Q

Which structure provides the only conduction pathway between the atria and ventricles?

A

AV bundle

54
Q

Damage to the AV node or AV bundle, as in a heart block, causes:

A

the ventricles to beat too slowly

55
Q

Under the microscope, cells of the nodes and AV bundle look like:

A

small cardiac muscle cells

56
Q

Where are Purkinji fibers located?

A

between the endocardium and myocardium

57
Q

Slows heart rate

A

parasympathetic

58
Q

Increases heart rate and force of contractions

A

sympathetic

59
Q

Fibers are branches of the vagus nerve

A

parasympathetic

60
Q

Fibers come from the cervical and upper thoracic chain ganglia

A

sympathetic

61
Q

Innervates SA node, AV node, coronary arteries and cardiac musculature throughout heart

A

sympathetic

62
Q

Innervates only the SA node, AV node, and coronary arteries

A

parasympathetic

63
Q

Influenced by the cardioinhibitory center of the medulla

A

parasympathetic

64
Q

Influenced by the cardioacceleratory center of the medulla

A

sympathetic

65
Q

The first vessels to branch off the aorta are the:

A

coronary arteries

66
Q

What artery supplies the right atrium?

A

right coronary

67
Q

The two branches of the left coronary artery are the:

A

anterior interventricular and circumflex

68
Q

What artery supplies the medial portion of the right and left ventricles?

A

anterior interventricular

69
Q

What artery supplies the left atrium and posterior part of the left ventricle?

A

circumflex

70
Q

Which vessel receives blood from the great, middle and small cardiac veins?

A

coronary sinus

71
Q

The coronary sinus empties its blood into the:

A

right atrium

72
Q

An accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries supplying the heart wall

A

Coronary artery disease

73
Q

Thoracic pain caused by inadequate oxygenation of heart muscle cells

A

Angina pectoris

74
Q

Death of cardiac muscle cells, often caused by blockage of a coronary artery

A

Myocardial infarction

75
Q

Condition in which the heart enlarges greatly while its pumping efficiency progressively declines; cause unknown, but may involve a feedback loop of sympathetic stimulation

A

Congestive heart failure

76
Q

Enlargement or failure of the right ventricle due to elevated pressure in the pulmonary circuit

A

Cor pulmonale

77
Q

An arrhythmia in which the ventricles undergo rapid, random firing of electrical impulses within ventricular cardiac muscle

A

Ventricular fibrillation

78
Q

An arrhythemia in which multiple waves of impulses circle within the atrial myocardium, randomly stimulating the AV node

A

Atrial fibrillation

79
Q

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, usually confined to the heart valves; may be bacterial, fungal or autoimmune.

A

Endocarditis

80
Q

a) Explain why the pulmonary arteries are blue and the pulmonary veins are red on charts and models. What does the color indicate about the blood each of these vessels carries?
b) Explain why the pulmonary arteries are arteries even though they are blue and the pulmonary veins are veins even though they are red. What is this telling us about the direction of blood flow?

A

a) Pulmonary arteries are blue because they carry deoxygenated blood that has just returned from the systemic circulation to the lungs where it will pick up oxygen. The pulmonary veins are red because the blood they carry is rich in oxygen.
b) Pulmonary arteries are arteries because they carry blood away from the heart, which is the definition of an artery. Pulmonary veins, like all other veins, carry blood back towards the heart from a capillary bed.

81
Q

Both pulmonary arterial hypertension (p. 580) and the congenital heart defect that occurs in tetralogy of Fallot (p. 583) lead to enlargement of the right ventricle. Explain what these two conditions have in common and why this causes the right ventricle to enlarge.

A

In both these conditions the right ventricle is working against a higher than normal pressure to push blood into the lungs, either because of high pulmonary pressure or because of stenosis (narrowing) of the entry to the pulmonary trunk. Because the right ventricle is working harder, the myocardium enlarges to try to overcome the increased resistance it is working against (like any other muscle that must work harder). Unfortunately, overtime the myocardium of the right ventricle becomes exhausted and eventually fails.

82
Q

A myocardial infarction will sometimes cause damage to the SA node. Assuming this is the only part of the intrinsic conduction system that is damaged, a) what structure will be the new pacemaker of the heart, and b) would you expect the patient’s resting heart rate to be faster, slower or the same as normal? Why? (p. 577-578)

A

a) If the SA node is damaged, the AV node will take over as the pacemaker of the heart.
b) In this cause the resting heart rate will tend to be slower because the intrinsic rate of depolarization of the AV node is slower than that of the SA node.

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions