Integumentary System Flashcards
stratum corneum
- contains mostly dead cells
- accounts for the majority of epidermal thickness in thick skin
stratum lucidum
-layer of translucent cells; absent in the skin
stratum granulosum
cells containing kearatohyaline and lamellated granules
stratum spinosum
- in microscope slides it has a “prickly” appearance
stratum basale
- cells actively divide to give rise to all the layers superficial to it
- layers where most melanocytes are found
Papillary layer
- more superficial in the dermis
- composed mostly of areolar c.t.
Reticular layer
- gives skin most of its strength
- thicker
Hypodermis
- allows skin to slide somewhat over deeper structures like muscles and bones.
- mostly adipose with some areolar c.t.
- aka superficial fascia
Epidermis
- stratified squamous epithelium
- has keratinocytes and melanocytes
Dermis
- 80% of dense irregular connective tissue
- location of blood vessels that supply stratum basale.
- location of sweat glands
What does not contribute to the skin color?
keratin
A bluish cast to the skin resulting from inadequate oxygenation of the blood is called
cyanosis
which of the following protects against damage by UV light?
Melanin
Differences in skin color between individuals of different ethic groups are primarily due to:
the type of melanin they make
UV rays stimulate the production of
- vitamin D/ melanin
High levels of sunshine cause blood folate levels in light skinned people to
- increase
Low folate levels during pregnancy increase the risk that the baby will have:
neural tube defects
For people living in intermediate latitudes, the skin color that provides the best balance between folate levels and vitamin D production, as well as protection against damage by UV light is
medium brown skin
In humans when is the main function of body hair?
sense things lightly touching the skin
Hair is made of dead cells containing:
hard keratin
The outer protective covering of a hair is the
cuticle
Tubular invaginations of the epidermis form which the hair grows are called
hair follicles
THe bundle of capillaries in the base of the hair bulb is the
papilla
The bundle of smooth muscle attached to the hair root that can cause the hair to stand on end is
arrector pili muscle
The short, fine hair distributed over most of the
vellus hair
The long, courser hair found mostly on the scalp is called
terminal hair
Which glands make an oily secretion that keeps hair supple and waterproofs the skin?
sebaceous glands
which type of gland secretes sweat?
sudoriferous
which sweat glands are scattered all over the surface of the body?
eccrine
Which sweat glands are found in the axillary and pubic areas?
apocrine
which glands are associated with hair follicles?
apocrine
Which glands begin functioning at puberty
apocrine
which glands make earwax?
ceruminous
Which of the following is part of the integumentary system?
hair, skin and nails
Which type of epidermal cells fight infections by engulfing bacteria?
dendritic cells
What is the function of keratin?
to make the stratum corneum tough and protective
Which of the following is NOT located in the dermis?
Merkel cells
Which of the following is nOT correct about the dermis?
It has an abundance of adipose tissue
Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis?
to cushion and insulate the body
The various appendages of the skin are derived from:
the stratum basle of the epidermis
Which statement about the structure of a hair is NOT correct?
The hair follicles are usually associated with eccrine sudoriferous glands.
The actively growing part of a nail, located proximal to the root is the
nail matrix
Both the hair and the nails are formed of
dead, keratinized cells
a burn that affects the epidermis and upper dermis, and exhibits blisters is a
second-degree burn
a burn in which only the epidermis is damaged is a
first-degree burn
Another name for a full- thickness burn is a
third-degree burn
Which type of skin cancer appears as a dark patch that often arises from existing moles?
melanoma
The most common type of skin cancer, which often appears as a dome-shaped, shiny nodule,
basal cell carcinoma
which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly, irregular, reddened papule that tends to grow rapidly and metastasize if not removed?
squamous cell carcinoma
What type is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?
melanoma
Which of the following signs is NOT an indication of melanoma?
Small diameter of a mole
