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Human Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

stratum corneum

A
  • contains mostly dead cells

- accounts for the majority of epidermal thickness in thick skin

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2
Q

stratum lucidum

A

-layer of translucent cells; absent in the skin

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3
Q

stratum granulosum

A

cells containing kearatohyaline and lamellated granules

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4
Q

stratum spinosum

A
  • in microscope slides it has a “prickly” appearance
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5
Q

stratum basale

A
  • cells actively divide to give rise to all the layers superficial to it
  • layers where most melanocytes are found
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6
Q

Papillary layer

A
  • more superficial in the dermis

- composed mostly of areolar c.t.

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7
Q

Reticular layer

A
  • gives skin most of its strength

- thicker

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8
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • allows skin to slide somewhat over deeper structures like muscles and bones.
  • mostly adipose with some areolar c.t.
  • aka superficial fascia
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9
Q

Epidermis

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium

- has keratinocytes and melanocytes

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10
Q

Dermis

A
  • 80% of dense irregular connective tissue
  • location of blood vessels that supply stratum basale.
  • location of sweat glands
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11
Q

What does not contribute to the skin color?

A

keratin

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12
Q

A bluish cast to the skin resulting from inadequate oxygenation of the blood is called

A

cyanosis

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13
Q

which of the following protects against damage by UV light?

A

Melanin

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14
Q

Differences in skin color between individuals of different ethic groups are primarily due to:

A

the type of melanin they make

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15
Q

UV rays stimulate the production of

A
  • vitamin D/ melanin
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16
Q

High levels of sunshine cause blood folate levels in light skinned people to

A
  • increase
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17
Q

Low folate levels during pregnancy increase the risk that the baby will have:

A

neural tube defects

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18
Q

For people living in intermediate latitudes, the skin color that provides the best balance between folate levels and vitamin D production, as well as protection against damage by UV light is

A

medium brown skin

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19
Q

In humans when is the main function of body hair?

A

sense things lightly touching the skin

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20
Q

Hair is made of dead cells containing:

A

hard keratin

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21
Q

The outer protective covering of a hair is the

A

cuticle

22
Q

Tubular invaginations of the epidermis form which the hair grows are called

A

hair follicles

23
Q

THe bundle of capillaries in the base of the hair bulb is the

A

papilla

24
Q

The bundle of smooth muscle attached to the hair root that can cause the hair to stand on end is

A

arrector pili muscle

25
Q

The short, fine hair distributed over most of the

A

vellus hair

26
Q

The long, courser hair found mostly on the scalp is called

A

terminal hair

27
Q

Which glands make an oily secretion that keeps hair supple and waterproofs the skin?

A

sebaceous glands

28
Q

which type of gland secretes sweat?

A

sudoriferous

29
Q

which sweat glands are scattered all over the surface of the body?

A

eccrine

30
Q

Which sweat glands are found in the axillary and pubic areas?

A

apocrine

31
Q

which glands are associated with hair follicles?

A

apocrine

32
Q

Which glands begin functioning at puberty

A

apocrine

33
Q

which glands make earwax?

A

ceruminous

34
Q

Which of the following is part of the integumentary system?

A

hair, skin and nails

35
Q

Which type of epidermal cells fight infections by engulfing bacteria?

A

dendritic cells

36
Q

What is the function of keratin?

A

to make the stratum corneum tough and protective

37
Q

Which of the following is NOT located in the dermis?

A

Merkel cells

38
Q

Which of the following is nOT correct about the dermis?

A

It has an abundance of adipose tissue

39
Q

Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis?

A

to cushion and insulate the body

40
Q

The various appendages of the skin are derived from:

A

the stratum basle of the epidermis

41
Q

Which statement about the structure of a hair is NOT correct?

A

The hair follicles are usually associated with eccrine sudoriferous glands.

42
Q

The actively growing part of a nail, located proximal to the root is the

A

nail matrix

43
Q

Both the hair and the nails are formed of

A

dead, keratinized cells

44
Q

a burn that affects the epidermis and upper dermis, and exhibits blisters is a

A

second-degree burn

45
Q

a burn in which only the epidermis is damaged is a

A

first-degree burn

46
Q

Another name for a full- thickness burn is a

A

third-degree burn

47
Q

Which type of skin cancer appears as a dark patch that often arises from existing moles?

A

melanoma

48
Q

The most common type of skin cancer, which often appears as a dome-shaped, shiny nodule,

A

basal cell carcinoma

49
Q

which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly, irregular, reddened papule that tends to grow rapidly and metastasize if not removed?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

50
Q

What type is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?

A

melanoma

51
Q

Which of the following signs is NOT an indication of melanoma?

A

Small diameter of a mole

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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