Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Fundamentals of Nervous System > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands.

A

Motor (efferent) division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Consists of motor nerve fibers to smooth and cardiac muscle and glands; it is involuntary; equivalent to the autonomic nervous system

A

Visceral motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Consists of the brain and spinal cord; functions for integration and as the control center.

A

Central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Consists of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia; provides communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body.

A

Peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Consists of nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles; under voluntary control.

A

Somatic motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Consists of somatic and visceral nerve fibers that conduct impulses from receptors to the CNS.

A

Sensory (afferent) division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The single, long extension from a nerve cell that conducts impulses away from the cell body.

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The whitish, fatty covering around some nerve fibers that allows them to conduct impulses faster.

A

Myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A type of neuroglia cell that produces the myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS.

A

Schwann cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diffusely branching extensions from the cell body that are the main receptive or input regions.

A

Dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Supporting cells of the nervous system.

A

Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The portion of a nerve cell where the nucleus is located and most metabolic processes occur.

A

Cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The site at which neurons communicate across a narrow gap between the cells.

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Regions in the nervous system that are composed primarily of myelinated nerve fibers.

A

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A highly specialized cell that conducts nerve impulses from one part of the body to another.

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The gap that exists in the myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells on myelinated fibers.

A

Node of Ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The cell whose axon terminal releases neurotransmitter into the synapse.

A

Presynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Regions composed primarily of unmyelinated nerve fibers and cell bodies.

A

Gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The cell which receives information across a synapse.

A

Postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A cable-like organ in the PNS that consists of many axons bundled together.

A

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Any long axon.

A

Nerve fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Has one axon and one dendrite.

A

Bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Has many dendrites and one axon.

A

Multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Appears to have only one process.

A

Unipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Forms most sensory neurons.

A

Unipolar

26
Q

Found in retina and cochea.

A

Bipolar

27
Q

Includes most of the motor neurons.

A

Multipolar

28
Q

Located entirely in CNS.

A

Interneurons

29
Q

Carry impulses away from CNS.

A

Motor

30
Q

Carry impulses towards CNS.

A

Sensory

31
Q

Have cell body in PNS.

A

Sensory

32
Q

Have cell body in CNS.

A

Motor and Interneurons

33
Q

Also called association neurons.

A

Interneurons

34
Q

Also called efferent neurons.

A

Motor

35
Q

Also called afferent neurons.

A

Sensory

36
Q

Phagocytic cells

A

Microglia

37
Q

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia

A

Satellite cells

38
Q

Line the ventricles; help form CSF

A

Ependymal cells

39
Q

Make myelin in PNS

A

Schwann cells

40
Q

Make myelin in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

41
Q

Control concentration of ions and neurotransmitters; form blood-brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

42
Q

The outer covering around an entire nerve.

A

Epineurium

43
Q

The lipoprotein covering around an axon that is made by a Schwann cell.

A

Myelin sheath

44
Q

The most external layer of a Schwann cell as it wraps around a neuron.

A

Neurilemma

45
Q

A group of axons bundled together.

A

Fascicle

46
Q

The connective tissue around the myelin sheath of an axon.

A

Endoneurium

47
Q

A nerve fiber.

A

Axon

48
Q

The connective tissue layer that surrounds a fascicle.

A

Perineurium

49
Q

Site where the stimulus acts and initiates the steps of the reflex arc.

A

Step 1: Receptor

50
Q

Carries information from the body to the integration center.

A

Step 2: Sensory neuron

51
Q

Usually an interneuron that serves as a link between afferent and efferent neurons.

A

Step 3: Integration center

52
Q

Carries impulse from integration center to a muscle or gland.

A

Step 4: Motor neuron

53
Q

Responds to impulses by contracting or secreting.

A

Step 5: Effector

54
Q

True or False: In general, neurons do not divide after the fetal period.

A

True

55
Q

Which has the best chance of healing?

A

a PNS nerve fiber

56
Q

Regrowth of regenerating nerve fibers is guided by the:

A

neurilemma

57
Q

What happens to the portion of a nerve fiber distal to the site of injury?

A

it degenerates and is engulfed by macrophages

58
Q

How quickly does the regenerating end of an axon grow?

A

1.5 mm/day

59
Q

Why don’t neurons in the CNS regenerate when damaged?

A

both a and b are true

a) The neuroglia don’t form bands to guide the regrowing axons.
b) The neuroglia secrete growth inhibiting chemicals.

60
Q

An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin around axons in the CNS, leading to sensory disorders and weakened musculature.

A

Multiple sclerosis

61
Q

Extremely painful disorder caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve of the face.

A

Tic douloureux

62
Q

Responsible for 60% of tumors that originate in the brain.

A

Gliomas

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions