Muscles of Body

Question 1

The attachment of a muscle on a movable bone.

Answer 1

Insertion

Question 2

The fixed or immovable point of attachment of a muscle.

Answer 2

Origin

Question 3

The muscle that supplies the major force for producing a specific movement.

Answer 3

Prime mover (agonist)

Question 4

A muscle that helps the prime mover.

Answer 4

Synergist

Question 5

A muscle that opposes the prime mover.

Answer 5

Antagonist

Question 6

A synergist that immobilizes a bone or a muscle’s origin.

Answer 6

Fixator

Question 7

A straplike muscle in which the long axes of the fascicles travel along the long axis of the muscle and the muscle fibers extend from the origin to the insertion .

Answer 7

Parallel

Question 8

Similar to #1 except the muscle has an expanded belly in the middle.

Answer 8

Fusiform

Question 9

The fascicles are arranged in concentric rings surrounding a body opening .

Answer 9

Circular

Question 10

The origin of the muscle is broad and the fascicles attach on a single tendon.

Answer 10

Convergent

Question 11

The fascicles are short and insert obliquely on one side of a tendon.

Answer 11

Unipennate

Question 12

Similar to #5 except the fascicles insert on both sides of a central tendon.

Answer 12

Bipennate

Question 13

Similar to #6 except the fascicles insert into multiple small tendons that merge to form one large tendon.

Answer 13

Multipennate

Question 14

Skeletal muscle fibers can shorten by up to of their resting length as they contract.

Answer 14

1/3

Question 15

The fascicle arrangement that would allow a muscle to contract the greatest distance is:

Answer 15

parallel

Question 16

The fascicle arrangement that would give a muscle the greatest contraction strength is:

Answer 16

multipennate

Question 17

Which factor determines the strength of a muscle’s contractions?

Answer 17

total number of muscle fibers

Question 18

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 18

Closes eye

Squinting your eyes like you don’t believe me.

Origin: Frontal and maxillary bones
Insertion: Tissue of eyelid

Question 19

Orbicularis oris

Answer 19

Closes and purses lips

Puckering up your lips to give someone a big smooch.

Origin: Maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Angles of mouth

Question 20

Masseter

Temporalis

Answer 20

Elevates mandible (two muscles)

Biting down hard on something.

Masseter:
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Ramus of mandible

Temporalis:
Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

Question 21

Frontalis (frontal belly of epicranius)

Answer 21

Wrinkles forehead and elevates eyebrows

Raising your eyebrows when you are surprised.

Origin: Galea aponeurotica
Insertion: Skin of eyebrows

Question 22

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 22

Turns head to side, flexes head and neck

Bending your head down, like when praying.

Origin: Sternum & clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 23

Trapezius

Answer 23

Elevates scapula and draws head back

Pulling your head back, like to look up and ask “Why me?”

Origin: Midsagittal head, neck and back
Insertion: Clavicle and spine of scapula

Question 24

Pectoralis major

Answer 24

Flexes shoulder and adducts arm

Moving your arm in front of your body, like when pointing to something.

Origin: Clavicle and sternum
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 25

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 25

Extends shoulder and adducts arm Pulling the arms behind the body, like when doing the breast stroke. Origin: Iliac crest, lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 26

Biceps brachii

Answer 26

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm and hand Bending the elbow to show off your arm muscles like Popeye. Origins: Coracoid process and above glenoid cavity of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Question 27

Triceps brachii

Answer 27

Extends elbow Straightening the arm at the elbow. Origin: Posterior, proximal humerus and scapula Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Question 28

Deltoid

Answer 28

Abducts arm, extends or flexes shoulder Raising your arms up away from the sides of your body, like when pretending to fly. Origin: Clavicle & spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 29

Rectus abdominis

Answer 29

Flexes vertebral column Pulling your trunk up when doing sit ups. Origin: Top of pubis Insertion: Bottom of ribcage and sternum

Question 30

External oblique

Answer 30

Compresses abdomen, lateral rotation of vertebral column Twisting from side to side at the waist. Origin: Lower eight ribs Insertion: Linea alba, top of pubis and ilium

Question 31

Iliopsoas

Answer 31

Flexes thigh and flexes trunk (as in bowing) Bending the hip like when taking a bow or when raising your thigh towards your chest. Origin: Iliac fossa and lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Question 32

Gluteus maximus

Answer 32

Extends thigh Straightening the hip, like when rising from sitting in a chair. Origin: Ilium, sacrum and coccyx Insertion: Below greater trochanter of femur

Question 33

Quadriceps group

Answer 33

Extends leg at knee (Quadriceps Femoris groups) Straightening the leg at the knee, like to kick a ball. Origin: Four heads on anterior ilium and superior femur Insertion: All insert on patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 34

Hamstring group

Answer 34

Flexes leg at knee Bending the knee, like when you are preparing to kick a ball. Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial and lateral condyles of tibia

Question 35

Sartorius

Answer 35

Flexes hip and knee, abducts thigh, rotates thigh laterally (as when sitting cross-legged) Moving your legs to sit with your knees out and ankles crossed (“Indian-style”). Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

Question 36

Tibialis anterior

Answer 36

Dorsiflexes ankle While standing on the heels, raising the big toe towards the anterior leg. Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia Insertion: Inferior surface of foot

Question 37

Gastrocnemius

Answer 37

Plantar flexes foot Standing on your toes like a ballerina. Origin: Lateral and medial condyles of femur Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus