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Human Anatomy > Muscles of Body > Flashcards

Muscles of Body Flashcards

1
Q

The attachment of a muscle on a movable bone.

A

Insertion

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2
Q

The fixed or immovable point of attachment of a muscle.

A

Origin

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3
Q

The muscle that supplies the major force for producing a specific movement.

A

Prime mover (agonist)

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4
Q

A muscle that helps the prime mover.

A

Synergist

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5
Q

A muscle that opposes the prime mover.

A

Antagonist

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6
Q

A synergist that immobilizes a bone or a muscle’s origin.

A

Fixator

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7
Q

A straplike muscle in which the long axes of the fascicles travel along the long axis of the muscle and the muscle fibers extend from the origin to the insertion .

A

Parallel

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8
Q

Similar to #1 except the muscle has an expanded belly in the middle.

A

Fusiform

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9
Q

The fascicles are arranged in concentric rings surrounding a body opening .

A

Circular

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10
Q

The origin of the muscle is broad and the fascicles attach on a single tendon.

A

Convergent

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11
Q

The fascicles are short and insert obliquely on one side of a tendon.

A

Unipennate

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12
Q

Similar to #5 except the fascicles insert on both sides of a central tendon.

A

Bipennate

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13
Q

Similar to #6 except the fascicles insert into multiple small tendons that merge to form one large tendon.

A

Multipennate

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14
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers can shorten by up to of their resting length as they contract.

A

1/3

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15
Q

The fascicle arrangement that would allow a muscle to contract the greatest distance is:

A

parallel

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16
Q

The fascicle arrangement that would give a muscle the greatest contraction strength is:

A

multipennate

17
Q

Which factor determines the strength of a muscle’s contractions?

A

total number of muscle fibers

18
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Closes eye

Squinting your eyes like you don’t believe me.

Origin: Frontal and maxillary bones
Insertion: Tissue of eyelid

19
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Closes and purses lips

Puckering up your lips to give someone a big smooch.

Origin: Maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Angles of mouth

20
Q

Masseter

Temporalis

A

Elevates mandible (two muscles)

Biting down hard on something.

Masseter:
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Ramus of mandible

Temporalis:
Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

21
Q

Frontalis (frontal belly of epicranius)

A

Wrinkles forehead and elevates eyebrows

Raising your eyebrows when you are surprised.

Origin: Galea aponeurotica
Insertion: Skin of eyebrows

22
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Turns head to side, flexes head and neck

Bending your head down, like when praying.

Origin: Sternum & clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone

23
Q

Trapezius

A

Elevates scapula and draws head back

Pulling your head back, like to look up and ask “Why me?”

Origin: Midsagittal head, neck and back
Insertion: Clavicle and spine of scapula

24
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Flexes shoulder and adducts arm

Moving your arm in front of your body, like when pointing to something.

Origin: Clavicle and sternum
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

25
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Extends shoulder and adducts arm

Pulling the arms behind the body, like when doing the breast stroke.

Origin: Iliac crest, lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

26
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm and hand

Bending the elbow to show off your arm muscles like Popeye.

Origins: Coracoid process and above glenoid cavity of scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity

27
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Extends elbow

Straightening the arm at the elbow.

Origin: Posterior, proximal humerus
and scapula
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

28
Q

Deltoid

A

Abducts arm, extends or flexes shoulder

Raising your arms up away from the sides of your body, like when pretending to fly.

Origin: Clavicle & spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

29
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Flexes vertebral column

Pulling your trunk up when doing sit ups.

Origin: Top of pubis
Insertion: Bottom of ribcage and sternum

30
Q

External oblique

A

Compresses abdomen, lateral rotation of vertebral column

Twisting from side to side at the waist.

Origin: Lower eight ribs
Insertion: Linea alba, top of pubis and ilium

31
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Flexes thigh and flexes trunk (as in bowing)

Bending the hip like when taking a bow or when raising your thigh towards your chest.

Origin: Iliac fossa and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

32
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Extends thigh

Straightening the hip, like when rising from sitting in a chair.

Origin: Ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion: Below greater trochanter of femur

33
Q

Quadriceps group

A

Extends leg at knee

(Quadriceps Femoris groups) Straightening the leg at the knee, like to kick a ball.

Origin: Four heads on anterior ilium and superior femur
Insertion: All insert on patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

34
Q

Hamstring group

A

Flexes leg at knee

Bending the knee, like when you are preparing to kick a ball.

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial and lateral condyles of tibia

35
Q

Sartorius

A

Flexes hip and knee, abducts thigh, rotates thigh laterally (as when sitting cross-legged)

Moving your legs to sit with your knees out and ankles crossed (“Indian-style”).

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

36
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Dorsiflexes ankle

While standing on the heels, raising the big toe towards the anterior leg.

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion: Inferior surface of foot

37
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Plantar flexes foot

Standing on your toes like a ballerina.

Origin: Lateral and medial condyles of femur
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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