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Human Anatomy > Appendicular Skeleton and Joints > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Bone of brachium

A

Humerus

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2
Q

Medial bone of antebrachium.

A

Scaphoid

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3
Q

Lateral bone of antebrachium.

A

Radius

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4
Q

Articulates with sternum.

A

Clavicle

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5
Q

Has glenoid fossa and acromion.

A

Scapula

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6
Q

Two carpals that articulate with radius.

A

Scaphoid and Lunate

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7
Q

Metacarpal that connects to little finger.

A

5th metacarpal

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8
Q

Bone that is absent in the thumb.

A

Middle phalanx

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9
Q

Bone located deep to fingernail

A

distal phalanx

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10
Q

Carpal that articulates with metacarpal of the thumb.

A

Trapezium

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11
Q

Most anterior part of os coxae.

A

Pubis

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12
Q

Articulates with sacrum.

A

Ilium

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13
Q

Most inferior part of os coxae.

A

Ischium

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14
Q

Thigh bone.

A

Femur

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15
Q

Knee cap

A

patella

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16
Q

Medial bone of leg.

A

Tibia

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17
Q

Lateral bone of leg.

A

Fibula

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18
Q

Tarsal that articulates with tibia.

A

Talus

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19
Q

Heel bone.

A

Calcaneus

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20
Q

Bone that is absent in the big toe.

A

Middle phalanx

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21
Q

How many named bones are there in the entire human skeleton?

A

206

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22
Q

Since there are 80 axial bones, how many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

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23
Q

The pollex is the anatomical term for the:

A

thumb

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24
Q

The hallux is the anatomical term for the:

A

big toe

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25
Q

Slightly movable joint (general).

A

amphiarthrosis

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26
Q

Freely movable joint.

A

Diarthrosis

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27
Q

Immovable joint (general).

A

Synarthrosis

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28
Q

Example: A tooth in its socket

A

Gomphosis

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29
Q

Fibrous joints.

A

Suture, Syndesmosis, Gomphosis

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30
Q

Has a fibrocartilage pad between bones.

A

Symphysis

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31
Q

Joint between skull bones.

A

Suture

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32
Q

Bones held together by hyaline cartilage.

A

Synchondrosis

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33
Q

Bones connected exclusively by ligaments.

A

Syndesmosis

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34
Q

Cartilaginous joints.

A

Synchondrosis and Symphysis

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35
Q

Fluid filled space between the ends of two bones in a freely movable joint.

A

joint cavity

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36
Q

The highly viscous liquid found in the joint cavity.

A

Synovial fluid

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37
Q

Hyaline cartilage on the ends of articulating bones.

A

articular cartilage

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38
Q

Two layers surrounding the joint cavity – the outer is fibrous and the inner is the synovial membrane.

A

articular capsule

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39
Q

Primarily monitor how much the capsule is being stretched.

A

Nerve fibers

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40
Q

Bandlike regions of fibrous connective tissue that strengthen a joint.

A

Reinforcing ligaments

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41
Q

Flattened sacs containing synovial fluid that are common where joint structures might rub together.

A

Bursa

42
Q

An elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon that is subjected to friction.

A

Tendon sheath

43
Q

Pads of fibrocartilage separating the articular surfaces in a joint; occur in the knee and jaw.

A

Meniscus

44
Q

The primary factors influencing the stability of a particular joint are:

A

Shape and size of the articulating surfaces
The tone of muscles whose tendons cross the joint
The number and strength of ligaments

45
Q

Which factor is especially important in stabilizing the shoulder and knee joints and the arches of the foot?

A

The tone of muscles whose tendons cross the joint

46
Q

One flat, or nearly flat, bone surface glides or slips over another.
Examples: Movement between carpal and tarsal bones

A

gliding

47
Q

A bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together.
Examples: Bending of the head or trunk forward, or the knee to angled position.
Lifting the arm anteriorly from the shoulder.

A

flexion

48
Q

Movement that increases the angle between the articulating bones.
Examples: Straightening a flexed neck, trunk, elbow of knee. Moving the arm to a position posterior to the shoulder joint.

A

extension

49
Q

Movement of the trunk or head behind the vertical plane of the body.

A

hyperextension

50
Q

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Examples: Lowering an adducted arm or thigh; bringing the fingers together.

A

adduction

51
Q

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Examples: Raising the arm or thigh laterally; spreading the fingers or toes.

A

abduction

52
Q

Turning of a bone around its own long axis.

Examples: Shaking the head; twisting the upper arm or thigh.

A

rotation

53
Q

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space, with the distal end moving in a circle and the proximal end stationary.
Examples: A pitcher winding up the throwing arm.

A

circumduction

54
Q

Rotating the forearm laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly.
Examples: Turning the palm up to have something placed in it.

A

supination

55
Q

Rotating the forearm medially so that the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly.
Examples: Turning the palm down to dribble a ball.

A

pronation

56
Q

Lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin.

A

dorsiflexion

57
Q

Pointing the toes.

A

plantar flexion

58
Q

Turning the sole of the foot laterally.

A

eversion

59
Q

Turning the sole of the foot medially.

A

inversion

60
Q

Moving the mandible forward so the lower teeth are in front of the upper teeth.

A

protraction

61
Q

Moving the mandible backward so that the upper and lower molars align.

A

retraction

62
Q

Moving an elevated part inferiorly, as when your jaw opens.

A

depression

63
Q

Moving an elevated part superiorly, as when your jaw closes.

A

elevation

64
Q

Touching of the thumb to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand.

A

opposition

65
Q

A biaxial joint in which an oval convex end of one bone fits into an oval depression on another.

A

condyloid joints

66
Q

A uniaxial joint where concave and convex surfaces form a joint that allows bending.

A

hinge joints

67
Q

A spherical end of one bone fits into a concave depression on another, allowing for multiaxial motion.

A

ball-and-socket joints

68
Q

A nonaxial joint in which the bones have flat surfaces that allow a sliding movement.

A

plane joints

69
Q

A uniaxial joint in which a projection on one bone fits into a depression on another, allowing rotation.

A

pivot joints

70
Q

A biaxial joint that is found where the first metacarpal articulates with the trapezium.

A

saddle joints

71
Q

The joint between the humerus and scapula.

A

ball-and-socket

72
Q

The joints between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges.

A

condyloid joints

73
Q

The joints between the wrist bones.

A

plane joints

74
Q

The joint between the atlas and axis.

A

pivot joints

75
Q

The joint between the humerus and the ulna.

A

hinge joints

76
Q

Impairment of the median nerve that often occurs due to repetitive flexing of the hands and wrist.

A

carpel tunnel syndrome

77
Q

A fracture of the neck of the femur, which is often caused by osteoporosis in the elderly.

A

hip fracture

78
Q

Because of the bone’s curvature, this type of fracture usually results in the bone breaking outward rather than damaging the important blood vessels that lie deep to it.

A

clavicular fracture

79
Q

Birth defect in which the either the acetabulum fails to form completely of the ligaments of the hip joint are loose, causing the head of the femur to slip out of its socket.

A

hip dysplasia

80
Q

A break usually caused by falling on an outstretched hand in which the distal end of the radius is forced proximally into the shaft of the radius.

A

colles’ fracture

81
Q

A fracture that is often caused by repetitive stress on the foot or increasing running mileage too fast.

A

metatarsal stress fracture

82
Q

A birth defect in which the soles of the feet turn medially and the toes point inferiorly.

A

clubfoot

83
Q

This type of fracture very often involves the medial and lateral malleoli rather than the tarsal bones.

A

ankle fractures

84
Q

After dislocation of the jaw and shoulder, this is the most common type of dislocation

A

elbow dislocation

85
Q

A knee injury that often results either from a lateral blow or from stopping and changing direction quickly.

A

ACL injuries

86
Q

A dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint, often resulting from falling onto an outstretched hand.

A

shoulder separation

87
Q

Generally involves the head of the humerus moving forward and downwards.

A

shoulder dislocation

88
Q

Conditions involving pain in the ear and face, tenderness of the jaw muscles, and popping or clicking noises when the mouth opens, usually caused by painful spasms of the chewing muscles.

A

TMJ disorders

89
Q

Usually caused by either excessive inversion or extreme dorsiflexion or rotation of the foot.

A

ankle sprains

90
Q

A condition in which the head of the radius is pulled away from the anular ligament, often caused by pulling on the forearm of a young child.

A

nursemaid’s elbow

91
Q

Procedure in which a patient’s own chondrocytes are cultured in the lab and then grafted onto joint surfaces in order to repair damaged cartilage.

A

autologous cartilage implantation

92
Q

Often involves damage to a meniscus.

A

torn cartilage

93
Q

Inflammation of a fluid-filled sac, like those located at the elbow and knee.

A

bursitis

94
Q

Any one of many inflammatory or degenerative diseases of a joint.

A

arthritis

95
Q

Inflammation of a tendon sheath.

A

tendonitis

96
Q

Condition in which the ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn.

A

sprains

97
Q

An inflammatory disease caused by bacterial organisms transmitted by the bites of deer ticks.

A

lyme disease

98
Q

Condition in which the bones of a joint are forced out of alignment.

A

dislocations

99
Q

Extreme joint pain caused by precipitation of uric acid crystals in the synovial membranes.

A

gouty arthritis

100
Q

A chronic inflammatory disorder caused by an autoimmune response against the molecules present in joints.

A

rheumatoid arthritis

101
Q

The most common type of arthritis, usually caused by wear and tear on the joints with age.

A

osteoartritis

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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