Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the female gonad?
ovary
The ovaries are held in place by all of the following EXCEPT the:
cardinal ligament
The surface of the ovary is covered by the:
germinal epithelium
The follicles are located in the _____ of the ovary:
cortex
The monthly changes that occur in the ovary.
Ovarian cycle
The first half of the ovarian cycle when the follicles mature.
Follicular phase
The point in the ovarian cycle when the vesicular follicle ruptures to release an oocyte.
Ovulation
The second half of the ovarian cycle when the corpus luteum develops.
Luteal phase
The stage follicles are in before birth.
Primordial follicle
The follicular stage in which the oocyte is surrounded by a layer of simple cuboidal epithelium.
Primary follicle
The follicular stage in which fluid filled spaces begin to form between the granulosa cells.
Secondary follicle
The follicular stage in which a large fluid filled antrum has formed and the follicle is ready for ovulation.
Vesicular (Graafian) follicle
A thin layer of glycoproteins that forms around the oocyte.
Zona pellucida
A layer of cells that surrounds the oocyte in the maturing follicle.
Corona radiata
The structure that forms from the remnants of the ruptured vesicular follicle.
Corpus luteum
The scar-like structure that replaces the corpus luteum if implantation does not occur.
Corpus albicans
Stem cells that give rise to a woman’s oocytes.
Oogonia
The oocytes that are present at birth but are arrested in meiosis I.
Primary oocytes
The stage an oocyte is in when it is released from the ovary at ovulation.
Secondary oocyte
The stage that only forms if fertilization by a sperm occurs.
Ovum
At the end of meiosis I of oogenesis, what cells are formed?
one secondary oocyte and one polar body
When does a second polar body form?
only after a secondary oocyte is fertilized
What hormone is secreted by the mature ovarian follicles?
estrogen
What hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum?
estrogen and progesterone
Long, thin structures that extend from the uterus to the ovaries; also called Fallopian tubes.
Uterine tubes
Ciliated, fingerlike projections on the distal end of the uterine tubes.
Fimbria
The organ in which gestation of a fetus normally occurs.
Uterus
The rounded upper end of the uterus located superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes.
Fundus
The central and largest portion of the uterus.
Body
The narrow neck of the uterus that is most inferior.
Cervix
The blind-ended peritoneal pouch between the bladder and uterus.
Vesicouterine pouch
The blind-ended peritoneal pouch between the rectum and uterus.
Rectouterine pouch
The outer serous covering of the uterus; formed from the peritoneum.
Perimetrium
The middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting of smooth muscle.
Myometrium
The mucosal lining of the uterine cavity.
Endometrium
The innermost endometrial layer that undergoes cyclic changes in response to hormones.
Functional layer
The deeper endometrial layer that is not shed, but regrows the other layer each month.
Basal layer
The thin walled tube that serves as the birth canal.
Vagina
The widened upper portion of the vagina that encircles the cervix.
Fornix
The incomplete diaphragm that covers the vaginal orifice prior to the first sexual intercourse.
Hymen
The uterus is ___ to the bladder.
superior and posterior
The ____ is shed each month during menstruation.
functional layer
The vagina is lined with:
stratified squamous epithelium
Which of these is NOT a correct match of a phase and what occurs during it?
proliferative – growth of corpus luteum
What gland secretes FSH and LH?
pituitary
The proliferative phase is the time when:
the endometrium rebuilds itself.
Where does fertilization of a secondary oocyte normally occur?
in the uterine tube
Regrowth of the functional layer from the basal layer.
Estrogen
Conversion of the endometrial lining to a secretory mucosa ready for implantation.
Progesterone
Ovulation.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Maturation of the ovarian follicles.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Conversion of the ruptured vesicular follicle into the corpus luteum.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
The external female genitalia are also called the
vulva and pudendum
Which of these is at the anterior end of the vestibule?
clitoris
The clitoris is homologous to the male:
glans penis
The clitoris contains the female:
corpora cavernosa
The diamond-shaped region between the pubic arch anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly, and the two ischial tuberosities laterally is the:
perineum
Fatty, rounded pad overlying the pubic symphysis.
Mons pubis
Two long, hair covered fatty folds that are homologous to the male scrotum.
Labia majora
The more medial pair of folds around the vestibule composed of thin, hairless skin.
Labia minora
The lengthwise cleft between the labia minora containing the openings of the vagina and urethra.
Vestibule
Pea-sized glands on either side of vaginal orifice that secrete lubricating mucus.
Greater vestibular glands
A protruding structure just anterior to the vestibule composed largely of erectile tissue.
Clitoris
The portion of a mammary gland that actually produces milk is the:
alveoli of the lobules
Which structures carry milk to the nipple?
lactiferous ducts
The pigmented region around each nipple is the:
areola
Dilations of the lactiferous ducts within the areola where milk accumulates are called:
lactiferous sinuses
The central protruding structure from which infants suck milk is the:
nipple
The breasts of a young girl or a man consist of:
rudimentary ducts
What structure allows for oxygenation of fetal blood and absorption of nutrients from the mother?
placenta
Which embryonic tissue forms part of the placenta?
chorionic villi
Which maternal tissue forms part of the placenta?
decidua basalis
What is the decidua capsularis?
Endometrial tissue which grows over the uterine-luminal surface of the implanting blastocyst.
The physiological events of labor include 1) separation of the placenta from the uterine wall; 2) regular contractions of the uterus and dilation of the cervix; and 3) forceful uterine contractions expelling the fetus from the womb. In which order do these occur?
2, 3, 1
The period of parturition, or actual childbirth, is the _____ stage:
expulsion
What is the last stage of labor, which usually occurs 10 to 15 minutes after passage of the fetus through the birth canal?
placental
What is the term for a female’s first menstrual cycle?
menarche
