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Human Anatomy > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the female gonad?

A

ovary

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2
Q

The ovaries are held in place by all of the following EXCEPT the:

A

cardinal ligament

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3
Q

The surface of the ovary is covered by the:

A

germinal epithelium

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4
Q

The follicles are located in the _____ of the ovary:

A

cortex

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5
Q

The monthly changes that occur in the ovary.

A

Ovarian cycle

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6
Q

The first half of the ovarian cycle when the follicles mature.

A

Follicular phase

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7
Q

The point in the ovarian cycle when the vesicular follicle ruptures to release an oocyte.

A

Ovulation

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8
Q

The second half of the ovarian cycle when the corpus luteum develops.

A

Luteal phase

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9
Q

The stage follicles are in before birth.

A

Primordial follicle

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10
Q

The follicular stage in which the oocyte is surrounded by a layer of simple cuboidal epithelium.

A

Primary follicle

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11
Q

The follicular stage in which fluid filled spaces begin to form between the granulosa cells.

A

Secondary follicle

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12
Q

The follicular stage in which a large fluid filled antrum has formed and the follicle is ready for ovulation.

A

Vesicular (Graafian) follicle

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13
Q

A thin layer of glycoproteins that forms around the oocyte.

A

Zona pellucida

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14
Q

A layer of cells that surrounds the oocyte in the maturing follicle.

A

Corona radiata

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15
Q

The structure that forms from the remnants of the ruptured vesicular follicle.

A

Corpus luteum

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16
Q

The scar-like structure that replaces the corpus luteum if implantation does not occur.

A

Corpus albicans

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17
Q

Stem cells that give rise to a woman’s oocytes.

A

Oogonia

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18
Q

The oocytes that are present at birth but are arrested in meiosis I.

A

Primary oocytes

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19
Q

The stage an oocyte is in when it is released from the ovary at ovulation.

A

Secondary oocyte

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20
Q

The stage that only forms if fertilization by a sperm occurs.

A

Ovum

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21
Q

At the end of meiosis I of oogenesis, what cells are formed?

A

one secondary oocyte and one polar body

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22
Q

When does a second polar body form?

A

only after a secondary oocyte is fertilized

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23
Q

What hormone is secreted by the mature ovarian follicles?

A

estrogen

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24
Q

What hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum?

A

estrogen and progesterone

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25
Q

Long, thin structures that extend from the uterus to the ovaries; also called Fallopian tubes.

A

Uterine tubes

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26
Q

Ciliated, fingerlike projections on the distal end of the uterine tubes.

A

Fimbria

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27
Q

The organ in which gestation of a fetus normally occurs.

A

Uterus

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28
Q

The rounded upper end of the uterus located superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes.

A

Fundus

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29
Q

The central and largest portion of the uterus.

A

Body

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30
Q

The narrow neck of the uterus that is most inferior.

A

Cervix

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31
Q

The blind-ended peritoneal pouch between the bladder and uterus.

A

Vesicouterine pouch

32
Q

The blind-ended peritoneal pouch between the rectum and uterus.

A

Rectouterine pouch

33
Q

The outer serous covering of the uterus; formed from the peritoneum.

A

Perimetrium

34
Q

The middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting of smooth muscle.

A

Myometrium

35
Q

The mucosal lining of the uterine cavity.

A

Endometrium

36
Q

The innermost endometrial layer that undergoes cyclic changes in response to hormones.

A

Functional layer

37
Q

The deeper endometrial layer that is not shed, but regrows the other layer each month.

A

Basal layer

38
Q

The thin walled tube that serves as the birth canal.

A

Vagina

39
Q

The widened upper portion of the vagina that encircles the cervix.

A

Fornix

40
Q

The incomplete diaphragm that covers the vaginal orifice prior to the first sexual intercourse.

A

Hymen

41
Q

The uterus is ___ to the bladder.

A

superior and posterior

42
Q

The ____ is shed each month during menstruation.

A

functional layer

43
Q

The vagina is lined with:

A

stratified squamous epithelium

44
Q

Which of these is NOT a correct match of a phase and what occurs during it?

A

proliferative – growth of corpus luteum

45
Q

What gland secretes FSH and LH?

A

pituitary

46
Q

The proliferative phase is the time when:

A

the endometrium rebuilds itself.

47
Q

Where does fertilization of a secondary oocyte normally occur?

A

in the uterine tube

48
Q

Regrowth of the functional layer from the basal layer.

A

Estrogen

49
Q

Conversion of the endometrial lining to a secretory mucosa ready for implantation.

A

Progesterone

50
Q

Ovulation.

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

51
Q

Maturation of the ovarian follicles.

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

52
Q

Conversion of the ruptured vesicular follicle into the corpus luteum.

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

53
Q

The external female genitalia are also called the

A

vulva and pudendum

54
Q

Which of these is at the anterior end of the vestibule?

A

clitoris

55
Q

The clitoris is homologous to the male:

A

glans penis

56
Q

The clitoris contains the female:

A

corpora cavernosa

57
Q

The diamond-shaped region between the pubic arch anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly, and the two ischial tuberosities laterally is the:

A

perineum

58
Q

Fatty, rounded pad overlying the pubic symphysis.

A

Mons pubis

59
Q

Two long, hair covered fatty folds that are homologous to the male scrotum.

A

Labia majora

60
Q

The more medial pair of folds around the vestibule composed of thin, hairless skin.

A

Labia minora

61
Q

The lengthwise cleft between the labia minora containing the openings of the vagina and urethra.

A

Vestibule

62
Q

Pea-sized glands on either side of vaginal orifice that secrete lubricating mucus.

A

Greater vestibular glands

63
Q

A protruding structure just anterior to the vestibule composed largely of erectile tissue.

A

Clitoris

64
Q

The portion of a mammary gland that actually produces milk is the:

A

alveoli of the lobules

65
Q

Which structures carry milk to the nipple?

A

lactiferous ducts

66
Q

The pigmented region around each nipple is the:

A

areola

67
Q

Dilations of the lactiferous ducts within the areola where milk accumulates are called:

A

lactiferous sinuses

68
Q

The central protruding structure from which infants suck milk is the:

A

nipple

69
Q

The breasts of a young girl or a man consist of:

A

rudimentary ducts

70
Q

What structure allows for oxygenation of fetal blood and absorption of nutrients from the mother?

A

placenta

71
Q

Which embryonic tissue forms part of the placenta?

A

chorionic villi

72
Q

Which maternal tissue forms part of the placenta?

A

decidua basalis

73
Q

What is the decidua capsularis?

A

Endometrial tissue which grows over the uterine-luminal surface of the implanting blastocyst.

74
Q

The physiological events of labor include 1) separation of the placenta from the uterine wall; 2) regular contractions of the uterus and dilation of the cervix; and 3) forceful uterine contractions expelling the fetus from the womb. In which order do these occur?

A

2, 3, 1

75
Q

The period of parturition, or actual childbirth, is the _____ stage:

A

expulsion

76
Q

What is the last stage of labor, which usually occurs 10 to 15 minutes after passage of the fetus through the birth canal?

A

placental

77
Q

What is the term for a female’s first menstrual cycle?

A

menarche

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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