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DPT 503 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the primary function of the kidneys

A

blood filtration

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2
Q

what medication is used for high BP?

A

ACE inhibitor

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3
Q

which kidney is more susceptible damage?

A

the right kidney

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4
Q

where in the kidneys is urine produced?

A

in the cortex and medulla

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5
Q

what is the major unit in the kidney that produces urine?

A

nephron

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6
Q

what makes up the renal corpuscle?

A

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

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7
Q

flow through renal tubule

A

renal corpuscle–> proximal convoluted tubule–> nephron loop (descending and ascending limb)–> distal convoluted tubule–> collecting duct

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8
Q

what are the 2 classes of nephrons?

A

cortical and juxtamedullary

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9
Q

what are cortical nephrons?

A

85% of nephrons

almost entirely in the cortex

short loop

barely crosses into the medulla

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10
Q

what are juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

long nephron loops deeply invading the medulla

ascending limb-thick and thin

concentrated urine

glomerulus is closer to junction

vasa recta

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11
Q

pressure in the glomerulus

A

high BP

fed and drained by arterioles

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12
Q

pressure in the peritubular capillaries

A

low pressure

empty into venules

porous for absorption

arise from efferent arterioles

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13
Q

what is the juxtaglomerular complex?

A

each nephron has one

distal ascending limb of the nephron loop and afferent arteriole

important in regulating the rate of filtration formation and BP

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14
Q

urine formation

A

glomerular filtration: produces cell and protein free filtrate

tubular reabsorption: selectively returns 99% of substances of filtrate to blood in renal tubules and collecting ducts

tubular secretion: selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts

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15
Q

glomerular filtration

A

produces cell and protein free filtrate

passive, high pressure to low pressure or volume

hydrostatic pressure forces fluids into glomerular capsule

fenestrated filtration b/w blood and capsule

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16
Q

outward pressure

A

promotes filtration

hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries (HPgc) is about 55 mmHg

17
Q

inward pressure

A

inhibits filtrate formation

hydrostatic pressure in capsular space (HPcs) is about 15 mmHg

colloid osmotic pressure in capillaries (OPc) is about 30 mmHg

18
Q

what is net filtration pressure?

A

sum of all forces

main controllable factor determining glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

ex: 55 - (15+30)= net outflow of 10 mmHg

19
Q

pressure from afferent to glomerular

A

passive

20
Q

pressure from capillaries to proximal convoluted tubule

A

HP in glomerular becomes high and pushes fluid into tubules

21
Q

what is glomerular filtration rate?

A

volume of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys

indicates health of kidneys (glomerulus and corpuscle)

22
Q

intrinsic controls of GFR

A

myogenic mechanism

tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

23
Q

what is the myogenic mechanism?

A

smooth muscle contracts when stretched

increased BP=stretch=restricts flow to glomerulus

decreased BP=dilation

24
Q

what is the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?

A

increased GFR+increased filtrate flow=decreased reabsorption time=increased NaCl in filtrate

feedback=constrict afferent arteriole=decreased NFP, decreased GFR=more time for NaCl reabsorption

25
Q

what are the extrinsic controls of GFR?

A

SNS and RAAS

26
Q

what is the SNS control in GFR?

A

NE released by SNS and E released by nervous and endocrine functions

vasoconstriction, increased BP, increased BV

constrict afferent arterioles=decreased GFR

27
Q

what is the RAAS control in GFR?

A

main mechanism for increasing BP

renin released by granular cells

28
Q

drop in BV will cause the DCT to ___ fluid

A

reabsorb

29
Q

increased in BV will cause the DCT to ___ fluid

A

empty

30
Q

low BP/Bv leads to…

A

DCT will reabsorb more water with the help of aldosterone and ADH

reabsorption of more sodium (water follows sodium)

31
Q

high BP/BV leads to…

A

stretch in atria which triggers release of ANP

ANP inhibits the release of ADH and aldosterone (helps lower BP)

DPT 503 (22 decks)

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