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DPT 503 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

what are the roles of the cerebellum?

A

comparator and coordinator

motor sequencing

postural control

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2
Q

the cerebellum as comparator and coordinator

A

compares desired outcome of movement to what’s actually happening

makes adjustments on the fly

can coordinate muscle activities (ie. head movement w/eye movement)

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3
Q

what does the motor sequencing role of the cerebellum involve?

A

can link outputs together

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4
Q

what does the postural control role of the cerebellum involve?

A

anticipatory movements

stabilize the proximal to move the distal

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5
Q

what are the cerebellar tracts?

A

rubrospinal and reticulospinal-BS

vestibulospinal-vestibular system

spinocerebellar-SC

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6
Q

does the cerebellum have any direct connections to the lower motor neuron pool?

A

no, the cerebellum has no direct connections to LMNs, so damage to the cerebellum wouldn’t result in deficits to muscle strength

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7
Q

what is feedforward control?

A

get information from previous experiences

no way to correct errors in output

quick

no true feedforward systems in the body

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8
Q

what is feedback control?

A

sampling the environment causes change

info fed into comparator to see differences b/w desired and output info

error signal will change the output

accurate

not as quick bc it requires constant adjustments

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9
Q

where is the vermis in the cerebellum?

A

in the midline

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10
Q

what does the primary fissure separate?

A

the anterior and posterior lobes

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11
Q

where is the paravermis?

A

lateral to the vermis

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12
Q

where are the lateral hemispheres?

A

lateral to the paravermis

most lateral aspect

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13
Q

what is the floculonodular lobe?

A

the combination of the flocculus and nodule

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14
Q

what structures does the vermis contribute to?

A

head neck and trunk

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15
Q

what structures does the paravermis contribute to?

A

limbs

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16
Q

what structures do the lateral hemispheres contribute to?

A

digits (fine motor control)

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17
Q

what are the 3 nuclei in the cerebellum?

A

fastigial nucleus

intermediate/interposed nucleus

dentate nucleus

18
Q

what is the fastigial nucleus?

A

the most medial cerebellar nucleus

receives input from vermis and cerebellar afferents that carry info from vestibular structures

19
Q

what is the intermediate/interposed nucleus?

A

lateral to the fastigial nucleus

input from paravermis and cerebellar afferents that carry spinal and visual info and somatosensory info

20
Q

what is the dentate nucleus?

A

the most lateral cerebellar nucleus

receives info from lateral hemispheres and cerebrum

21
Q

what are the inputs of the cerebellum?

A

mossy and climbing fibers

22
Q

are the inputs of the cerebellum (mossy and climbing fibers) excitatory or inhibitory?

A

excitatory

23
Q

what are the outputs of the cerebellum?

A

Purkinjie cells
- project to cerebellar and vestibular nuclei

24
Q

are the cerebellar outputs (Purkinjie cells) excitatory or inhibitory?

A

inhibitory (GABAergic)

25
Q

what are the only efferents going out of the cerebellum?

A

the 3 cerebellar nuclei (dentate, interposed, and fastigial)

26
Q

what fibers provide the error signal?

A

climbing fibers

27
Q

superior peduncle

A

major efferent pathway connects to the midbrain
- does have one afferent tract

from deep nuclei of cerebellum to thalamic nuclei (and to cerebral cortex) and red nuclei

28
Q

middle peduncle

A

major afferent pathway connects to the pons

from cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei

largest peduncle

29
Q

inferior peduncle

A

afferent and efferent pathways

connects to medulla

afferents coming from from SC (proprioceptive info) vestibular apparatus and nuclei ipsilaterally

efferents go back to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

vestibulospinal and reticulospinal

30
Q

what are the functional divisions of the cerebellum?

A

vestibulocerebellum

spincerebellum

cerebrocerebellum

31
Q

what is the vestibulocerebellum division?

A

input: vestibular apparatus

output: vestibular nuclei
- eye movements and balance/equilibrium

folculonodular lobe

efferents from fastigial nucleus

vestibulocerebellar tract projects vestibular info to vermis (adjustments to posture) and floculonodular lobe

out of inferior peduncle

vermis to contralateral fastigial nucleus to ipsilateral vestibular nuclei (double decussation)

mostly ipsilateral bc of double decussation

32
Q

what is the spinocerebellum division?

A

input: somatosensory, visual, auditory, vestibular

output: lateral corticospinal and corticobrainstem tracts and medial motor tracts

anticipatory, corrective, and responsive adjustments to movement

vermis and paravermis-efferents out of vestigial and interposed nuclei

high fidelity pathways and internal feedback pathways

ipsilateral projections

info from superior peduncle

vermis projects to medial motor tracts

paravermis projects to reticulospinal tracts

interposed nucleus to red nucleus

33
Q

what are the high fidelity pathways?

A

posterior spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar

high accuracy of how things are moving in the body

34
Q

what are the internal feedback pathways?

A

anterior spinocerebellar and rostrospinocerebellar tracts

not conscious level info

35
Q

rubrospinal

A

controls flexors

36
Q

what is the cerebrocerebellum division?

A

input: somatosensory, visual, auditory, vestibular

output: cerebral cortex, lateral corticospinal and corticobrainstem tracts

fine, distal voluntary movements and no motor emotional controls

movement planning-timing

afferents: cerebral cortex via pontine nucleus

vermis, paravermis, and lateral hemispheres

closed loop

double decussation-ipsilateral

cognitive functions: goal-directed behavior, language optimization, visuospatial function

emotional and social functions: emotional memories and social behavior

cerebellum–>cortex–>cerebellum

dentate–>red–>motor areas

37
Q

what 3 arteries make up the vascular supply of the cerebellum?

A

superior cerebellar artery (SCA)

anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

38
Q

what is the superior cerebellar artery a branch of?

A

the basilar artery

39
Q

what is the anterior inferior cerebellar artery a branch of?

A

it is a lower branch of the basilar artery

40
Q

what does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A

flocculus and middle cerebellar peduncle

41
Q

what is the posterior inferior cerebellar artery a branch of?

A

the vertebral artery

42
Q

what occurs in cerebellar dysfunction?

A

it effects postural control, automatic movement, eye movement, and voluntary movement

has cognitive and emotional effects

unilateral lesions affect the ipsilateral side of the body (w/one exception)

DPT 503 (22 decks)

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