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A&P2 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

_ is behind the peritoneum (e.g., kidneys)

A

retroperitoneal

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2
Q

_ is a concave vertical cleft in kidney leading to internal renal sinus; entryway for ureter, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

A

renal hilum

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3
Q

_ anchors kidney and adrenal gland; made of dense fibrous connective tissue

A

renal fascia

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4
Q

_ surrounds and cushions kidney

A

perirenal fat capsule

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5
Q

_ is a transparent capsule preventing infections from spreading to kidney

A

fibrous capsule

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6
Q

_ subdivide to form minor calyces

A

major calyx

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7
Q

_ are cup-shaped areas enclosing papillae

A

minor calyx

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8
Q

_ deliver 1/4 total cardiac output to kidneys; exit at right angles from abdominal aorta

A

renal arteries

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9
Q

renal arteries divide into 5 _

A

segmental arteries

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10
Q

segmental artery branch to form many _ (in renal sinus)

A

interlobar arteries

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11
Q

interlobar arteries branch in to _ (at cortex-medulla junction), which arch over medullary pyramid bases

A

arcuate arteries

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12
Q

_ radiate outward to supply cortical tissue

A

cortical radiate arteries

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13
Q

_ branch from cortical radiate arteries to form complex arrangement of blood vessels

A

afferent arteriole

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14
Q

_ is a ball of capillaries

A

glomerulus

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15
Q

_

A

efferent arteriole

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16
Q

_

A

peritubular capillaries

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17
Q

_

A

vasa recta

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18
Q

blood leaves renal cortex and drains into _

A

cortical radiate veins

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19
Q

blood from cortical radiate veins drain into _

A

arcuate veins

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20
Q

blood from arcuate veins drain into _

A

interlobar veins

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21
Q

blood from interlobar veins finally drain into _ since there are no segmental veins

A

renal veins

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22
Q

_ are structural-functional units of kidneys made up of glomerulus and renal tubule-corpuscle

A

nephrons

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23
Q

_ leaves glomerular capsule; contains single layer epithelial cells on basement membrane

A

renal tubule

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24
Q

_ consists of a glomerulus and glomerular capsule

A

renal corpuscle

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25
_ is a solute-rich fluid from blood; composition of urine
filtrate
26
_ is a cup-shaped end of renal tubule; has fenestrated endothelium
glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
27
_ (simple squamous epithelium) of kidney doesn't form filtrate
parietal layer
28
_ of kidney clings to glomerular capillaries and has podocytes
visceral layer
29
_ are branched modified epithelial cells with filtration slits
podocytes
30
_ are spaces between foot processes that allow filtrate to enter capsular area
filtration slits
31
_ (cuboidal epithelial cells) have long microvilli; leave glomerular capsule and drop into nephron loop
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
32
_ have ascending-descending limbs
loop of Henle (nephron loop)
33
_ (cuboidal epithelial cells) lack microvilli
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
34
_ have 2 cell types, principal and intercalated; receive filtrate from many nephrons
collecting ducts
35
_ are the most distal part of loop of Henle along afferent arteriole; contains granular cells and macula densa
juxtamedullary apparatus
36
_ in arteriole sense blood pressure, secrete renin
granular (juxtamedullary) cells
37
_ are chemoreceptors that sense NaCl in filtrate
macula densa
38
_ (passive process due to hydrostatic pressure) fluids and small solutes forced out of glomerulus
glomerular filtration
39
_ involve 2 pathways, transcellular and paracellular; filtrate quickly reabsorbed and must cross tubular cell barrier
tubular reabsorption
40
_ is the opposite of reabsorption and substances are disposed; eliminate undesirable end products that were passively reabsorbed (controls pH)
tubular secretion
41
_ is the pressure of fluid in system; _ is the measure of tendency of solvent to move into more concentrated solution
hydrostatic pressure; osmotic pressure
42
filtration rate in glomerular filtration = _ml/min
120-125
43
_ intertwine and cling to glomerulus basement membrane
foot processes
44
_ are capillary pores that allow blood components minus blood cells to pass
fenestrations
45
_ consists of water, ions, nitrogenous waste, and organic molecules
filtrate
46
_ helps regulate blood pressure
renin
47
_ from kidneys is converted to angotensin
angiotensinogen
48
_ (vasoconstrictor) triggers aldosterone release and stimulated thirst, ADH
angiotensin II
49
_ is a hormone produced by adrenal cortex; regulates Na reabsorption, K secretion
aldosterone
50
_ is a hormone mechanism that increases Na and blood pressure
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
51
_ (neural reflex) is an extrinsic control of glomerular filtration regulation
baroreceptor
52
_ pathway goes through luminal-basolateral membranes; most solutes are reabsorbed here ia diffusion or active transport
transcellular
53
_ pathways go through tight junctions
paracellular
54
_ is total concentration of all solute particles in solution; increases due to water reabsorption
osmolarity
55
_ is fluid-filled space between structures
interstitium
56
_ means fluid flowing in opposite directions through adjacent segments are connected by hairpin turn
countercurrent
57
_ are capillary branches supplying nephron loops in renal medulla
vasa recta
58
_ are slender tubes carrying urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
ureters
59
_ (retroperitoneal organ) collapsible muscular sac that temporarily stores urine; consists of trigone, detrusor muscle, rugae
urinary bladder
60
_ is outlined by 3 openings: 2 for ureters to enter (inferior) and prevents backflow, 1 where urethra exits (inferior)
trigone
61
_ is made up of intermingled smooth muscle fibers in inner-outer longitudinal layers and middle circular layer
detrusor muscle
62
_ are transverse folds in walls of urinary bladder; disappear when bladder is full
rugae
63
_ means something is able to be extended/dilated
distensible
64
_ is thin-walled muscular tube that drains urine from bladder to external orifice
urethra
65
_ (at bladder-urethral junction) made of smooth muscle and controlled by ANS to keep urethra closed when urine is not being passed, prevents leaks between voiding' involuntary
internal urethral sphincter
66
_ (surrounds urethra at urogenital diaphragm) made of skeletal muscle; voluntary
external urethral sphincter
67
_ muscle of pelvic floor is a voluntary constrictor of urethra
levator ani
68
_ is the act of emptying bladder
micturition (urination, voiding)
69
_ inhibits micturition; _ promotes micturition
pontine storage center; pontine micturition center

A&P2 (12 decks)

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