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A&P2 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

_ is behind the peritoneum (e.g., kidneys)

A

retroperitoneal

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2
Q

_ is a concave vertical cleft in kidney leading to internal renal sinus; entryway for ureter, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

A

renal hilum

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3
Q

_ anchors kidney and adrenal gland; made of dense fibrous connective tissue

A

renal fascia

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4
Q

_ surrounds and cushions kidney

A

perirenal fat capsule

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5
Q

_ is a transparent capsule preventing infections from spreading to kidney

A

fibrous capsule

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6
Q

_ subdivide to form minor calyces

A

major calyx

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7
Q

_ are cup-shaped areas enclosing papillae

A

minor calyx

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8
Q

_ deliver 1/4 total cardiac output to kidneys; exit at right angles from abdominal aorta

A

renal arteries

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9
Q

renal arteries divide into 5 _

A

segmental arteries

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10
Q

segmental artery branch to form many _ (in renal sinus)

A

interlobar arteries

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11
Q

interlobar arteries branch in to _ (at cortex-medulla junction), which arch over medullary pyramid bases

A

arcuate arteries

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12
Q

_ radiate outward to supply cortical tissue

A

cortical radiate arteries

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13
Q

_ branch from cortical radiate arteries to form complex arrangement of blood vessels

A

afferent arteriole

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14
Q

_ is a ball of capillaries

A

glomerulus

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15
Q

_

A

efferent arteriole

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16
Q

_

A

peritubular capillaries

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17
Q

_

A

vasa recta

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18
Q

blood leaves renal cortex and drains into _

A

cortical radiate veins

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19
Q

blood from cortical radiate veins drain into _

A

arcuate veins

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20
Q

blood from arcuate veins drain into _

A

interlobar veins

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21
Q

blood from interlobar veins finally drain into _ since there are no segmental veins

A

renal veins

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22
Q

_ are structural-functional units of kidneys made up of glomerulus and renal tubule-corpuscle

A

nephrons

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23
Q

_ leaves glomerular capsule; contains single layer epithelial cells on basement membrane

A

renal tubule

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24
Q

_ consists of a glomerulus and glomerular capsule

A

renal corpuscle

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25
Q

_ is a solute-rich fluid from blood; composition of urine

A

filtrate

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26
Q

_ is a cup-shaped end of renal tubule; has fenestrated endothelium

A

glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

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27
Q

_ (simple squamous epithelium) of kidney doesn’t form filtrate

A

parietal layer

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28
Q

_ of kidney clings to glomerular capillaries and has podocytes

A

visceral layer

29
Q

_ are branched modified epithelial cells with filtration slits

A

podocytes

30
Q

_ are spaces between foot processes that allow filtrate to enter capsular area

A

filtration slits

31
Q

_ (cuboidal epithelial cells) have long microvilli; leave glomerular capsule and drop into nephron loop

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

32
Q

_ have ascending-descending limbs

A

loop of Henle (nephron loop)

33
Q

_ (cuboidal epithelial cells) lack microvilli

A

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

34
Q

_ have 2 cell types, principal and intercalated; receive filtrate from many nephrons

A

collecting ducts

35
Q

_ are the most distal part of loop of Henle along afferent arteriole; contains granular cells and macula densa

A

juxtamedullary apparatus

36
Q

_ in arteriole sense blood pressure, secrete renin

A

granular (juxtamedullary) cells

37
Q

_ are chemoreceptors that sense NaCl in filtrate

A

macula densa

38
Q

_ (passive process due to hydrostatic pressure) fluids and small solutes forced out of glomerulus

A

glomerular filtration

39
Q

_ involve 2 pathways, transcellular and paracellular; filtrate quickly reabsorbed and must cross tubular cell barrier

A

tubular reabsorption

40
Q

_ is the opposite of reabsorption and substances are disposed; eliminate undesirable end products that were passively reabsorbed (controls pH)

A

tubular secretion

41
Q

_ is the pressure of fluid in system; _ is the measure of tendency of solvent to move into more concentrated solution

A

hydrostatic pressure; osmotic pressure

42
Q

filtration rate in glomerular filtration = _ml/min

A

120-125

43
Q

_ intertwine and cling to glomerulus basement membrane

A

foot processes

44
Q

_ are capillary pores that allow blood components minus blood cells to pass

A

fenestrations

45
Q

_ consists of water, ions, nitrogenous waste, and organic molecules

A

filtrate

46
Q

_ helps regulate blood pressure

A

renin

47
Q

_ from kidneys is converted to angotensin

A

angiotensinogen

48
Q

_ (vasoconstrictor) triggers aldosterone release and stimulated thirst, ADH

A

angiotensin II

49
Q

_ is a hormone produced by adrenal cortex; regulates Na reabsorption, K secretion

A

aldosterone

50
Q

_ is a hormone mechanism that increases Na and blood pressure

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

51
Q

_ (neural reflex) is an extrinsic control of glomerular filtration regulation

A

baroreceptor

52
Q

_ pathway goes through luminal-basolateral membranes; most solutes are reabsorbed here ia diffusion or active transport

A

transcellular

53
Q

_ pathways go through tight junctions

A

paracellular

54
Q

_ is total concentration of all solute particles in solution; increases due to water reabsorption

A

osmolarity

55
Q

_ is fluid-filled space between structures

A

interstitium

56
Q

_ means fluid flowing in opposite directions through adjacent segments are connected by hairpin turn

A

countercurrent

57
Q

_ are capillary branches supplying nephron loops in renal medulla

A

vasa recta

58
Q

_ are slender tubes carrying urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

A

ureters

59
Q

_ (retroperitoneal organ) collapsible muscular sac that temporarily stores urine; consists of trigone, detrusor muscle, rugae

A

urinary bladder

60
Q

_ is outlined by 3 openings: 2 for ureters to enter (inferior) and prevents backflow, 1 where urethra exits (inferior)

A

trigone

61
Q

_ is made up of intermingled smooth muscle fibers in inner-outer longitudinal layers and middle circular layer

A

detrusor muscle

62
Q

_ are transverse folds in walls of urinary bladder; disappear when bladder is full

A

rugae

63
Q

_ means something is able to be extended/dilated

A

distensible

64
Q

_ is thin-walled muscular tube that drains urine from bladder to external orifice

A

urethra

65
Q

_ (at bladder-urethral junction) made of smooth muscle and controlled by ANS to keep urethra closed when urine is not being passed, prevents leaks between voiding’ involuntary

A

internal urethral sphincter

66
Q

_ (surrounds urethra at urogenital diaphragm) made of skeletal muscle; voluntary

A

external urethral sphincter

67
Q

_ muscle of pelvic floor is a voluntary constrictor of urethra

A

levator ani

68
Q

_ is the act of emptying bladder

A

micturition (urination, voiding)

69
Q

_ inhibits micturition; _ promotes micturition

A

pontine storage center; pontine micturition center

A&P2 (12 decks)

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