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A&P2 > comprehensive > Flashcards

comprehensive Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine system coordinates with _ to integrate activity of body cells

A

nervous system

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2
Q

_ glands produce hormones but have no ducts

A

endocrine

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3
Q

_ hormones involve amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins

A

amino acid-based

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4
Q

_ hormones are synthesized from cholesterol; gonadal and adrenocortical hromones

A

steroid

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5
Q

_ alter plasma membrane permeability, stimulate enzyme synthesis, induce secretion, stimulate mitosis

A

hormones

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6
Q

hormone action depends on _ nature and _ location

A

chemical; receptor

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7
Q

_ hormones have extracellular [plasma membrane] receptors; act via G protein second messenger

A

water-soluble

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8
Q

_ hormones have intracellular receptors that directly activate genes

A

lipid-soluble

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9
Q

second messengers include _ and _

A

cAMP; PIP2-Ca

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10
Q

_ signs are polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

A

diabetes mellitus

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11
Q

type 1 DM = _ of insulin; type 2 DM = _ of insulin

A

hyposecretion; hypoactivity

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12
Q

pituitary gland is connected to hypothalamus via _

A

infundibulum

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13
Q

_ is directly involved with metabolism (glucose sparing), and indirectly promotes growth

A

growth hormone (GH)

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14
Q

_ involves gamete (egg-sperm) production

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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15
Q

_ involves gonadal hormone production which mature egg follicles, triggers ovulation, triggers progesterone-estrogen release or trigger testosterone release

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

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16
Q

_ stimulates uterine contraction, milk ejection

A

oxytocin

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17
Q

_ stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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18
Q

_ is most active during pre-pubescence to allow T cells to mature

A

thymus

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19
Q

blood pH is between 7.35-7.45 so it is _

A

slightly alkaline

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20
Q

_ is composed of plasma and formed elements (RBC, WBC, platelets)

A

blood

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21
Q

_ (biconcave disks and no organelles) huge surface area relative to volume for gas exchange; respiratory gas transport

A

erythrocytes (RBC)

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22
Q

_ (less than 1% blood) involve defense against disease

A

leukocytes (WBC)

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23
Q

_ (cell fragments of megakaryotes) are involved in blood clotting

A

platelets

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24
Q

blood type _ has A antigen and B antibody

A

A

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25
Q

blood type _ has B antigen and A antibody

A

B

26
Q

blood type _ has A and B antigens (no antibodies)

A

AB

27
Q

blood type _ has no antigens (A and B antibodies)

A

O

28
Q

_ is blood cell production in red bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

29
Q

_ (creates all formed elements) –> proerythroblast –> basophilic erythroblast –> polychromatic erythroblast –> orthochromatic erythroblast –> reticulocyte –> erythrocyte

A

hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast)

30
Q

_ produces hormone that regulates RBC production

A

kidney

31
Q

_ is contraction; _ is relaxation

A

systole; diastole

32
Q

heart makes _ sound when atrioventricular valves close and _ sound when semilunar valves close

A

lub; dup

33
Q

_ circuit (right side) receives oxygenated blood from tissues; _ circuit (left side)receives oxygenated blood from lungs

A

pulmonary; systemic

34
Q

_ circulation is functional blood supply to myocardium

A

coronary

35
Q

_ is affected by chronotropic factors, autonomic nervous system, chemicals, and life factors

A

heart rate

36
Q

_ function in exchange of gases, nutrients, hormones, and more

A

capillaries

37
Q

_ (measured in arteries) maintained by heart and kidneys

A

blood pressure

38
Q

_ affected by elasticity, blood volume, pressure

A

blood pressure

39
Q

_ is difference between diastolic and systolic pressures

A

pulse pressure

40
Q

_ (maturation) of lymphocytes can occur in thymus or bone marrow

A

immunocompetence

41
Q

_ mature in bone marrow; _ mature in thymus

A

B cells; T cells

42
Q

_ produced by B cells secrete antibodies

A

plasma cells

43
Q

_ mark antigens for destruction by phagocytes

A

antibodies

44
Q

_ returns fluids back to blood, is structural basis of immune system, houses phagocytes

A

lymphatic system

45
Q

_ is a fluid that can contain protein, mineral, fat, nutrients, damaged cells, cancer cells, foreign invaders

A

lymph

46
Q

_ is a functional system that provides disease resistance

A

immune system

47
Q

_ immune system has the first and second lines of defense

A

innate (nonspecific)

48
Q

_ immune system has the third line of defense

A

adaptive (specific)

49
Q

_ (borrowed immunity) is when antibodies are introduced into the body

A

passive humoral immunity

50
Q

_ involves (1) inflammatory chemical release (2) vasodilation (3) phagocyte mobilization

A

inflammatory response

51
Q

_ is first to peak during primary immune response

A

IgM

52
Q

_ protects mucosal barriers

A

IgA

53
Q

_ is a B cell receptor

A

IgD

54
Q

_ is main antibody of [late] primary and secondary immune response

A

IgG

55
Q

_ is involved in allergies

A

IgE

56
Q

_ (first exposure to antigen) has lag period, peaks at day 10

A

primary immune response

57
Q

_ supplies oxygen for aerobic respiration; removes-disposes carbon dioxide

A

respiratory system

58
Q

_ (breathing) movement of air in and out of the lungs

A

pulmonary ventilation

59
Q

_ is gas exchange between blood and air filled chambers of lungs

A

external respiration

60
Q

_ involves movement of gasses within the body, paired with circulatory system

A

transport of respiratory gasses

61
Q

_ is exchange of gasses between blood and tissues

A

internal respiration

62
Q

in respiratory mucosa, _ secrete mucin and _ secrete enzymes

A

goblet cells; serous cells

A&P2 (12 decks)

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