Lymphatic System Flashcards
_ are a network of vessels that return interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins to the blood
lymphatics (lymphatic vessels)
_ include include lymphatic capillaries and larger lymphatic vessels
lymphatics
_ is interstitial fluid that has gone into the lymphatics
lymph
_ clean lymph and are the main secondary lymphoid organs of body
lymph nodes
most lymph nodes are embedded deep in _, in clusters along lymphatic vessels
connective tissue
_ is the fluid between cells
interstitial fluid
_ are blind ended vessels (not a loop)
lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic capillaries are a _-way system and move towards the heart
one
lymphatic capillaries are _ permeable than blood capillaries
more
_ means something is able to be passed through (such as liquids, gasses, materials)
permeable
_ are one-way gates/flaps
minivalves
_ are specialized lymph capillaries in intestinal mucosa
lacteals
_ absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to the blood
lacteals
_ is fatty lymph
chyle
_ drain lymph vessels
collecting lymphatic vessels
_ in skin travel with superficial veins, but deep vessels travel with arteries
collecting vessels
_ are formed by joining together largest collecting vessels (lymphatic system)
lymphatic trunks
_ drain large areas of body
lymphatic trunks
_ collect lymph from trunks
lymphatic ducts
_ empty junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins on its own side of body
lymphatic ducts
_ drains upper right arm and right side of head-thorax
right lymphatic duct
_ drains the lower right and entire left side of the body
thoracic duct
_% of people have cisterna chyli in their thoracic duct
50
_ is an enlargement at the beginning of the thoracic duct
cisterna chyli
_ is severe, localized edema caused by anything preventing normal lymph return to blood
lymphedema
_ are cells of the adaptive immune system and mature into either T or B cells
lymphocytes
_ manage immune response; some attack-destroy infected cells
T lymphocytes (T cells)
_ produce plasma cells
B lymphocytes (B cells)
_ secrete antibodies, which mark antigens for destruction via phagocytes
plasma cells
T and B cells protect against _
antigens
_ phagocytize foreign substances
macrophages
_ capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes
dendritic cells
macrophages and dendritic cells help active _
T cells (T lymphocytes)
_ produce reticular fibers to form stroma
reticular cells
_ is a scaffolding for immune cells to hold onto
stroma
_ is a loose arrangement of lymphoid cells and some reticular fibers in virtually every body organ
diffuse lymphoid tissue
_ are solid, spherical bodies with packed lymphoid cells and reticular fibers
lymphoid follicles (nodules)
_ are proliferating B cells in the lymphoid follicles
germinal centers
lymph nodes have an external fibrous _
capsule
_ are capsule fibers that extend inward and divide the node into the cortex and medulla
trabeculae
the _ is the superficial part of the lymph node with follicles (B cells), T cells, and dendritic cells
cortex
the _ of the lymph nodes has medullary cords that extend inward from the cortex with B and T cells, and plasma cells
medulla
_ are found throughout the lymph node and have large lymphatic capillaries and mesh of reticular fibers
lymph sinuses
lymph enters the node through _ lymphatic vessels
afferent
leaving the afferent lymphatics, lymph travels through _ (large, bag-like) and into cortex-medulla
subcapsular sinus
leaving the subcapsular sinus, lymph enters _
medullary sinuses
lymph leaves the node through _ lymphatic vessels
efferent
efferent lymphatics have _, which is an indented region of an organ where lymph leaves the node
hilum
_ (swollen ‘glands’) are inflamed, swollen, and tender lymph nodes that appear when nodes are overwhelmed by what they’re trying to destroy
buboes
_ passes deep into stomach and sends branches to the pancreas and stomach; terminates to spleen
splenic artery
_ collects blood from spleen, some of the stomach-pancreas, then forms hepatic portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein
splenic vein
_ is the site of immune function (made of lymphocytes suspended in reticular fiber)
white pulp
white pulp forms cuffs around _
central arteries
_ is where worn-out RBC and pathogens are destroyed (made of RBC and macrophages)
red pulp
red pulp consists of splenic _ and _
cords; sinusoids
_ are regions of reticular connective tissue
splenic cords
a _ is the surgical removal of ruptured spleen
splenectomy
_ are lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout body
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
MALT protects from
_ trying to enter body
pathogens
_ are a ring of lymphatic tissue around pharynx
tonsils
tonsils are the _ lymphoid organs
simplest
_ are formed by invaginations of overlying epithelium in tonsils
tonsillar crypts
_ are clusters of lymphoid follicles in small intestine walls
peyer’s patches
peyer’s patches are also called _
aggregated lymphoid nodules
the _ is an offshoot of first part of large intestine
appendix
appendix has _ number of lymphoid follicles
large
_ keeps immature t cells away from pathogens so they don’t get activated before they’re ready
blood thymus barrier
_ is where t cells become immunocompetent
stroma (thymus)
stroma in thymus has _ (no reticular fibers)
epithelial cells
