Blood

Question 1

_ is made of 90% water, 100+ dissolved solutes (hormones, ions, gasses); yellow and sticky

Answer 1

plasma

Question 2

_ makes up 60% plasma protein; maintains osmotic pressure, shuttles molecules, and acts as buffer

Answer 2

albumin

Question 3

_ are anucleate

Answer 3

erythrocytes (RBC)

Question 4

_ are nucleate

Answer 4

leukocytes (WBC)

Question 5

_ are cell fragments from megakaryocytes; blood clotting

Answer 5

platelets

Question 6

_ are the indentations on both sides of disc shaped RBC; increase surface area

Answer 6

biconcave discs

Question 7

_ (red pigment) combines with globin to make Hb

Answer 7

heme

Question 8

_ is a protein made of 4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta)

Answer 8

globin

Question 9

_ is the production of RBCs in red bone marrow

Answer 9

hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis)

Question 10

_ are hematopoietic stem cells; all RBCs originate from

Answer 10

hemocytoblast

Question 11

_ is the process of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells becoming committed to being RBC (functional differentiation, gene expression)

Answer 11

erythropoiesis

Question 12

_ is the low O2-carrying capacity of blood

Answer 12

anemia

Question 13

anemia can be caused by _ number of cells, _ hemoglobin, or _ hemoglobin

Answer 13

insufficient, decreased, abnormal

Question 14

_ anemia is rapid blood loss

Answer 14

hemorrhagic

Question 15

_ anemia is the rupture of RBCs

Answer 15

hemolytic

Question 16

_ anemia is when bone marrow is impaired

Answer 16

aplastic

Question 17

_ anemia create microcytes

Answer 17

iron deficiency

Question 18

_ anemia from B12 deficiency

Answer 18

pernicious

Question 19

_ from faulty globin chains

Answer 19

thalassemias

Question 20

_ anemia is from a change in hemoglobins beta chain

Answer 20

sickle cell

Question 21

_ from excess RBCs in bone marrow

Answer 21

polycythemia

Question 22

_ is the ability to pass through capillary walls

Answer 22

diapedesis

Question 23

_ is the protrusion of cytoplasm by forming false feet to create crawling movement

Answer 23

ameboid motion

Question 24

_ are WBC with visual granules in cytoplasm

Answer 24

granulocytes

Question 25

_ are WBC with no visible granules in cytoplasm

Answer 25

agranulocytes

Question 26

_ (most abundant) are very phagocytic and have defensins (antibiotics, destroy bacteria)

Answer 26

neutrophils

Question 27

_ have digestive enzymes that defend against parasites; have role in asthma and allergies

Answer 27

eosinophils

Question 28

_ (rarest) release histamines to attract other WBC to infection site

Answer 28

basophils

Question 29

_ (second most common) mostly exist in tissues (rather than blood)

Answer 29

lymphocytes

Question 30

_ act directly against cells with infection/tumor

Answer 30

T-lymphocytes

Question 31

_ cause plasma to make antibodies

Answer 31

B-lymphocytes

Question 32

_ (largest) become macrophages when leaving circulation; activate lymphocytes

Answer 32

monocytes

Question 33

_ is the production of WBC; stimulated by chemical messengers in red bone marrow and mature WBC

Answer 33

leukopoiesis

Question 34

_ is a low WBC count caused by cancer treatments

Answer 34

leukopenia

Question 35

_ impairs normal bone marrow function by overproduction of [abnormal] WBC cloned from single cell

Answer 35

leukemia

Question 36

_ leukemia = fast (from lymphoblasts)

Answer 36

acute

Question 37

_ leukemia = slow (from myelocytes)

Answer 37

chronic

Question 38

_ is a viral disease caused by epstein-barre virus (no cure, non-fatal)

Answer 38

infectious mononucleosis

Question 39

_ are regulated by thrombopoietin

Answer 39

platelets

Question 40

_ are antigens on surface of RBC (at least 30 types)

Answer 40

glycoprotein

Question 41

_ are structures that bind to specific antibody/t cell receptors and can trigger immune response

Answer 41

antigens (agglutinogens)

Question 42

_ is the clumping from antigen and corresponding antibody; used in blood typing

Answer 42

agglutination

Question 43

_ are antibodies unresponsive to own blood type

Answer 43

agglutinins

Question 44

_ occurs when fetal RBCs destroyed in immune response from blood group incompatibility between fetus and parent

Answer 44

erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 45

_ is when individuals pre-donate blood for elective surgery; avoid transfusion issues or disease

Answer 45

autologous transfusion

Question 46

_ is a process to control bleeding

Answer 46

hemostasis

Question 47

_ is when smooth muscle contracts and causes vasoconstriction

Answer 47

vascular spasm

Question 48

_ is where platelets stick to exposed collagen fibers from injury

Answer 48

platelet plug formation

Question 49

_ release chemicals to make nearby platelets sticky and forms plug

Answer 49

platelets

Question 50

_ is where fibrin forms a mesh (traps RBCs and platelets) to form clot

Answer 50

coagulation