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A&P2 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

_ is made of 90% water, 100+ dissolved solutes (hormones, ions, gasses); yellow and sticky

A

plasma

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2
Q

_ makes up 60% plasma protein; maintains osmotic pressure, shuttles molecules, and acts as buffer

A

albumin

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3
Q

_ are anucleate

A

erythrocytes (RBC)

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4
Q

_ are nucleate

A

leukocytes (WBC)

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5
Q

_ are cell fragments from megakaryocytes; blood clotting

A

platelets

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6
Q

_ are the indentations on both sides of disc shaped RBC; increase surface area

A

biconcave discs

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7
Q

_ (red pigment) combines with globin to make Hb

A

heme

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8
Q

_ is a protein made of 4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta)

A

globin

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9
Q

_ is the production of RBCs in red bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis)

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10
Q

_ are hematopoietic stem cells; all RBCs originate from

A

hemocytoblast

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11
Q

_ is the process of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells becoming committed to being RBC (functional differentiation, gene expression)

A

erythropoiesis

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12
Q

_ is the low O2-carrying capacity of blood

A

anemia

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13
Q

anemia can be caused by _ number of cells, _ hemoglobin, or _ hemoglobin

A

insufficient, decreased, abnormal

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14
Q

_ anemia is rapid blood loss

A

hemorrhagic

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15
Q

_ anemia is the rupture of RBCs

A

hemolytic

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16
Q

_ anemia is when bone marrow is impaired

A

aplastic

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17
Q

_ anemia create microcytes

A

iron deficiency

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18
Q

_ anemia from B12 deficiency

A

pernicious

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19
Q

_ from faulty globin chains

A

thalassemias

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20
Q

_ anemia is from a change in hemoglobins beta chain

A

sickle cell

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21
Q

_ from excess RBCs in bone marrow

A

polycythemia

22
Q

_ is the ability to pass through capillary walls

A

diapedesis

23
Q

_ is the protrusion of cytoplasm by forming false feet to create crawling movement

A

ameboid motion

24
Q

_ are WBC with visual granules in cytoplasm

A

granulocytes

25
Q

_ are WBC with no visible granules in cytoplasm

A

agranulocytes

26
Q

_ (most abundant) are very phagocytic and have defensins (antibiotics, destroy bacteria)

A

neutrophils

27
Q

_ have digestive enzymes that defend against parasites; have role in asthma and allergies

A

eosinophils

28
Q

_ (rarest) release histamines to attract other WBC to infection site

A

basophils

29
Q

_ (second most common) mostly exist in tissues (rather than blood)

A

lymphocytes

30
Q

_ act directly against cells with infection/tumor

A

T-lymphocytes

31
Q

_ cause plasma to make antibodies

A

B-lymphocytes

32
Q

_ (largest) become macrophages when leaving circulation; activate lymphocytes

A

monocytes

33
Q

_ is the production of WBC; stimulated by chemical messengers in red bone marrow and mature WBC

A

leukopoiesis

34
Q

_ is a low WBC count caused by cancer treatments

A

leukopenia

35
Q

_ impairs normal bone marrow function by overproduction of [abnormal] WBC cloned from single cell

A

leukemia

36
Q

_ leukemia = fast (from lymphoblasts)

A

acute

37
Q

_ leukemia = slow (from myelocytes)

A

chronic

38
Q

_ is a viral disease caused by epstein-barre virus (no cure, non-fatal)

A

infectious mononucleosis

39
Q

_ are regulated by thrombopoietin

A

platelets

40
Q

_ are antigens on surface of RBC (at least 30 types)

A

glycoprotein

41
Q

_ are structures that bind to specific antibody/t cell receptors and can trigger immune response

A

antigens (agglutinogens)

42
Q

_ is the clumping from antigen and corresponding antibody; used in blood typing

A

agglutination

43
Q

_ are antibodies unresponsive to own blood type

A

agglutinins

44
Q

_ occurs when fetal RBCs destroyed in immune response from blood group incompatibility between fetus and parent

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

45
Q

_ is when individuals pre-donate blood for elective surgery; avoid transfusion issues or disease

A

autologous transfusion

46
Q

_ is a process to control bleeding

A

hemostasis

47
Q

_ is when smooth muscle contracts and causes vasoconstriction

A

vascular spasm

48
Q

_ is where platelets stick to exposed collagen fibers from injury

A

platelet plug formation

49
Q

_ release chemicals to make nearby platelets sticky and forms plug

A

platelets

50
Q

_ is where fibrin forms a mesh (traps RBCs and platelets) to form clot

A

coagulation

A&P2 (12 decks)

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