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A&P2 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

_ are the receiving chambers of the heart

A

atria

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2
Q

_ atrium receives blood from systemic circuit; _ atrium receives blood from pulmonary circuit

A

right; left

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3
Q

_ are the pumping chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

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4
Q

_ ventricle pumps blood into systemic circuit; _ ventricle pumps blood into pulmonary circuit

A

left; right

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5
Q

left ventricle is _ than right ventricle

A

larger

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6
Q

_ and _ are muscular-walled tubes in circulatory system

A

arteries; veins

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7
Q

arteries deliver _ blood to rest of body

A

oxygenated

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8
Q

veins deliver _ blood from body to heart

A

deoxygenated

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9
Q

deoxygenated blood is _ than oxygenated blood; oxygenated blood is _ than deoxygenated blood

A

darker; brighter

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10
Q

oxygenated blood flows into _

A

arteries

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11
Q

pulmonary _ carry blood from right ventricle to lungs (pick up O2 and leave CO2)

A

arteries

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12
Q

pulmonary _ transport oxygenated blood from lungs to left atria

A

veins

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13
Q

_ is an interwoven network of capillaries; supplies organs with high metabolism requirements

A

capillary bed

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14
Q

_ (largest artery) transports blood to other major arteries

A

aorta

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15
Q

_ lines internal surface of thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

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16
Q

_ is a double walled sac that surrounds heart

A

pericardium

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17
Q

_ (superficial layer of pericardium) protects-anchors heart to surrounding tissues; prevents overfilling

A

fibrous pericardium

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18
Q

_ has two layers, parietal and visceral

A

serous pericardium

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19
Q

_ is inner surface of serous pericardium

A

parietal layer

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20
Q

_ is external surface of heart (epicardium)

A

visceral layer

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21
Q

_ is filled with serous fluid

A

pericardial cavity

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22
Q

_ lubricates surrounding tissues and prevent friction rub

A

serous fluid

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23
Q

_ has circular/spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells (let heart contract in all directions)

A

myocardium

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24
Q

_ (innermost layer) continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels; line chambers and skeleton of valves

A

endocardium

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25
_ (parallel muscle columns) create ridges on inner atrial walls
pectinate muscles
26
_ project papillae into ventricular cavity; anchor chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
27
_ (heartstrings) fibrous tissue that anchor AV valves to cuspid valves
chordae tendineae
28
_ are irregular muscle ridges on ventricle walls
trabeculae carneae
29
_ left AV valve
bicuspid (mitral) valve
30
_ right AV valve
tricuspid valve
31
_ prevent backflow from major arteries into ventricles; 3 cusps
semilunar (SL) valves
32
SL valves open-close in response to _ change
pressure
33
_ SL valve is between pulmonary trunk and right ventricle
pulmonary
34
_ SL valve is between aorta and left ventricle
aortic
35
_ is embryologic remnant (ductus arteriosus); shunt blood away from lungs during fetal development and typically closes near the time of birth.
ligamentum arteriosum
36
_ hold cells together; prevent from separating during contraction
desmosome
37
_ allow ions to pass between cells and electrically join adj. cells
gap junctions
38
_ (unstable resting membrane potential); positive interior because K+ channels closed and NA+ channels open
pacemaker potential
39
_ (pacemaker) in right atrial wall; depolarizes faster than rest of myocardium and sends impulses across atria/AV node
sinoatrial (SA) node
40
_ in inferior interatrial septum; delays impulses to allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction
atrioventricular (AV) node
41
SA node generates impulses at _x/min; AV node generates impulses at _x/min
75; 50
42
the _ signals heart to beat through electric impulses when heartbeat is irregular
pacemaker
43
_ (anterior, middle, posterior bands) lead signals from SA node to AV node
intermodal pathway
44
_ in superior interventricular septum; only electric connection between atria-ventricles
AV bundle (bundle of His)
45
_ are specialized fibers made of excitable cells; let conduction system synchronize ventricular contractions
purkinje fibers
46
purkinje fibers are _ efficient at carrying action potentials
most
47
_ the separation between left-right ventricles
interventricular septum
48
_ is a graph representation of all action potentials at given point; collected by placing electrodes at different body parts to measure differences (12 lead)
electrocardiogram (EKG)
49
_ shows depolarization of atria and SA node
P wave
50
_ shows atrial repolarization, ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
51
_ shows ventricular repolarization
T wave
52
_ is the beginning of atrial and ventricular excitation
P-R interval
53
_ is the entire depolarization of ventricular myocardium
S-T segment
54
_ is the beginning of ventricular depolarization and repolarization
Q-T interval
55
_ is the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat
stroke volume (SV)
56
_ is affected by length of ventricular diastole and venous pressure (~120 ml/beat)
end diastolic volume (EDV)
57
_ is affected by arterial BP and force of ventricular contraction (~50 ml/beat)
end systolic volume (ESV)
58
degree to which cardiac muscle cells are stretched just before they contract is _
preload
59
contractile strength at given muscle length is _
contractility
60
back pressure [by arterial blood] that ventricles must overcome to eject blood is _
afterload
61
_ (hormones) 'fight or flight' and increase heart contractility
epinephrine-norepinephrine
62
_ is abnormally fast heart rate (100+ bpm) that can lead to fibrillation
tachycardia
63
_ abnormally slow heart rate (60- bpm) that can result in inadequate circulation
bradycardia
64
_ is a progressive condition where cardiac output is so low that blood circulation cannot meet tissue needs
congestive heart failure (CHF)
65
clogged arteries caused by fat buildup is _; impairs oxygen delivery to cardiac cells (contracts inefficiently)
coronary atherosclerosis
66
_ is prolonged coronary blockage where areas of cell death are repaired with non-contractile scar tissue
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
67
_ is when ventricles stretch/become flabby, and myocardium deteriorates (caused by drug toxicity or chronic inflammation)
dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
68
_ is a type of CHF with failure on the left side of the heart; causes blood to back up in lungs
pulmonary congestion
69
_ is a type of CHF with failure on the right side of the heart; causes blood to pool in organs (edema)
peripheral congestion
70
_ is localized swelling in body tissues
edema

A&P2 (12 decks)

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