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A&P2 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

_ are the receiving chambers of the heart

A

atria

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2
Q

_ atrium receives blood from systemic circuit; _ atrium receives blood from pulmonary circuit

A

right; left

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3
Q

_ are the pumping chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

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4
Q

_ ventricle pumps blood into systemic circuit; _ ventricle pumps blood into pulmonary circuit

A

left; right

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5
Q

left ventricle is _ than right ventricle

A

larger

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6
Q

_ and _ are muscular-walled tubes in circulatory system

A

arteries; veins

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7
Q

arteries deliver _ blood to rest of body

A

oxygenated

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8
Q

veins deliver _ blood from body to heart

A

deoxygenated

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9
Q

deoxygenated blood is _ than oxygenated blood; oxygenated blood is _ than deoxygenated blood

A

darker; brighter

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10
Q

oxygenated blood flows into _

A

arteries

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11
Q

pulmonary _ carry blood from right ventricle to lungs (pick up O2 and leave CO2)

A

arteries

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12
Q

pulmonary _ transport oxygenated blood from lungs to left atria

A

veins

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13
Q

_ is an interwoven network of capillaries; supplies organs with high metabolism requirements

A

capillary bed

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14
Q

_ (largest artery) transports blood to other major arteries

A

aorta

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15
Q

_ lines internal surface of thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

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16
Q

_ is a double walled sac that surrounds heart

A

pericardium

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17
Q

_ (superficial layer of pericardium) protects-anchors heart to surrounding tissues; prevents overfilling

A

fibrous pericardium

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18
Q

_ has two layers, parietal and visceral

A

serous pericardium

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19
Q

_ is inner surface of serous pericardium

A

parietal layer

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20
Q

_ is external surface of heart (epicardium)

A

visceral layer

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21
Q

_ is filled with serous fluid

A

pericardial cavity

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22
Q

_ lubricates surrounding tissues and prevent friction rub

A

serous fluid

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23
Q

_ has circular/spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells (let heart contract in all directions)

A

myocardium

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24
Q

_ (innermost layer) continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels; line chambers and skeleton of valves

A

endocardium

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25
Q

_ (parallel muscle columns) create ridges on inner atrial walls

A

pectinate muscles

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26
Q

_ project papillae into ventricular cavity; anchor chordae tendineae

A

papillary muscles

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27
Q

_ (heartstrings) fibrous tissue that anchor AV valves to cuspid valves

A

chordae tendineae

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28
Q

_ are irregular muscle ridges on ventricle walls

A

trabeculae carneae

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29
Q

_ left AV valve

A

bicuspid (mitral) valve

30
Q

_ right AV valve

A

tricuspid valve

31
Q

_ prevent backflow from major arteries into ventricles; 3 cusps

A

semilunar (SL) valves

32
Q

SL valves open-close in response to _ change

A

pressure

33
Q

_ SL valve is between pulmonary trunk and right ventricle

A

pulmonary

34
Q

_ SL valve is between aorta and left ventricle

A

aortic

35
Q

_ is embryologic remnant (ductus arteriosus); shunt blood away from lungs during fetal development and typically closes near the time of birth.

A

ligamentum arteriosum

36
Q

_ hold cells together; prevent from separating during contraction

A

desmosome

37
Q

_ allow ions to pass between cells and electrically join adj. cells

A

gap junctions

38
Q

_ (unstable resting membrane potential); positive interior because K+ channels closed and NA+ channels open

A

pacemaker potential

39
Q

_ (pacemaker) in right atrial wall; depolarizes faster than rest of myocardium and sends impulses across atria/AV node

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

40
Q

_ in inferior interatrial septum; delays impulses to allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

41
Q

SA node generates impulses at _x/min; AV node generates impulses at _x/min

A

75; 50

42
Q

the _ signals heart to beat through electric impulses when heartbeat is irregular

A

pacemaker

43
Q

_ (anterior, middle, posterior bands) lead signals from SA node to AV node

A

intermodal pathway

44
Q

_ in superior interventricular septum; only electric connection between atria-ventricles

A

AV bundle (bundle of His)

45
Q

_ are specialized fibers made of excitable cells; let conduction system synchronize ventricular contractions

A

purkinje fibers

46
Q

purkinje fibers are _ efficient at carrying action potentials

A

most

47
Q

_ the separation between left-right ventricles

A

interventricular septum

48
Q

_ is a graph representation of all action potentials at given point; collected by placing electrodes at different body parts to measure differences (12 lead)

A

electrocardiogram (EKG)

49
Q

_ shows depolarization of atria and SA node

A

P wave

50
Q

_ shows atrial repolarization, ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

51
Q

_ shows ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

52
Q

_ is the beginning of atrial and ventricular excitation

A

P-R interval

53
Q

_ is the entire depolarization of ventricular myocardium

A

S-T segment

54
Q

_ is the beginning of ventricular depolarization and repolarization

A

Q-T interval

55
Q

_ is the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat

A

stroke volume (SV)

56
Q

_ is affected by length of ventricular diastole and venous pressure (~120 ml/beat)

A

end diastolic volume (EDV)

57
Q

_ is affected by arterial BP and force of ventricular contraction (~50 ml/beat)

A

end systolic volume (ESV)

58
Q

degree to which cardiac muscle cells are stretched just before they contract is _

A

preload

59
Q

contractile strength at given muscle length is _

A

contractility

60
Q

back pressure [by arterial blood] that ventricles must overcome to eject blood is _

A

afterload

61
Q

_ (hormones) ‘fight or flight’ and increase heart contractility

A

epinephrine-norepinephrine

62
Q

_ is abnormally fast heart rate (100+ bpm) that can lead to fibrillation

A

tachycardia

63
Q

_ abnormally slow heart rate (60- bpm) that can result in inadequate circulation

A

bradycardia

64
Q

_ is a progressive condition where cardiac output is so low that blood circulation cannot meet tissue needs

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

65
Q

clogged arteries caused by fat buildup is _; impairs oxygen delivery to cardiac cells (contracts inefficiently)

A

coronary atherosclerosis

66
Q

_ is prolonged coronary blockage where areas of cell death are repaired with non-contractile scar tissue

A

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

67
Q

_ is when ventricles stretch/become flabby, and myocardium deteriorates
(caused by drug toxicity or chronic inflammation)

A

dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

68
Q

_ is a type of CHF with failure on the left side of the heart; causes blood to back up in lungs

A

pulmonary congestion

69
Q

_ is a type of CHF with failure on the right side of the heart; causes blood to pool in organs (edema)

A

peripheral congestion

70
Q

_ is localized swelling in body tissues

A

edema

A&P2 (12 decks)

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